MaplePrimes Posts

MaplePrimes Posts are for sharing your experiences, techniques and opinions about Maple, MapleSim and related products, as well as general interests in math and computing.

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  • This is my attempt to produce a subplot within a larger plot for magnifying data in a small region, and putting that subplot into the white space of the figure.
    Based on the questions: How to insert a plot into another plot? and Inset figure in Maple, I wrote a couple of procedures that create sub-plots and allow the user to place the subplot window as he/she chooses. This avoids the graininess issues mentioned by acer in the second link (and experienced by me).

    So far, I only have this completed for point plots, but using acer's method of piecewise functions posted in the plotin2b.mw of the second article, with the subplot function being defined only if it satisfies your conditions, would allow the subplot generating procedure to be generalized easily enough. But the data I'm working with all point plots, so that's the example here.

    The basic idea  is to use one procedure to create boxes, make tickmarks on the expanded region, and make tickmark labels, combine all of those into one graph. Then create scaled and shifted versions of the data series, then make graphs of those. Lastly, combine them all into one picture.

    Hope this helps someone who has to do the same.

    Mapleprimes isn't inserting the contents, but here is the download of the file: SubPlotBoxesandVectorDataSeries.mw

     

    Here is a little cute demo that shows how a cube may be paritioned into three congruent pyramids.  This was inspired by a Mathematica demo that I found in the web but I think this one's better :-)

    A Cube as a union of three right pyramids

    Here is an animated demo of the well-known fact that a cube may be partitioned

    into three congruent right pyramids.

     

    2020-05-21

    restart;

    with(plots):

    with(plottools):

    A proc to plot a general polyhedron.
    V = [[x, y, z], [x, y, z], () .. (), [x, y, z]]                list of vertices
    F = [[n__1, n__2, () .. ()], [n__1, n__2, () .. ()], () .. (), [n__1, n__2, () .. ()]]  list of faces

    An entry "[`n__1`,`n__2`. ...]" in Fdescribes a face made of the vertices "V[`n__1`], V[`n__2`], ...," etc.

    polyhedron := proc(V::list, F::list)
      seq(plottools:-polygon([seq( V[F[i][j]], j=1..nops(F[i]))]), i=1..nops(F));
      plots:-display(%);
    end proc:

    Define the vertices and faces of a pyramid:

    v := [[0,0,0],[1,0,0],[1,1,0],[0,1,0],[0,0,1]];
    f := [ [1,2,3,4], [5,2,3], [5,3,4], [1,5,4], [1,2,5] ];

    [[0, 0, 0], [1, 0, 0], [1, 1, 0], [0, 1, 0], [0, 0, 1]]

    [[1, 2, 3, 4], [5, 2, 3], [5, 3, 4], [1, 5, 4], [1, 2, 5]]

    Build three such pyramids:

    P1 := polyhedron(v, f):
    P2 := reflect(P1, [[1,0,0],[1,1,0],[1,0,1]]):
    P3 := reflect(P1, [[0,1,0],[1,1,0],[0,1,1]]):

    This is what we have so far:

    display(P1,P2,P3, scaling=constrained);

    Define an animation frame.  The parameter t goes from 0 to 1.

    Any extra options are assumed to be plot3d options and are

    passed to plots:-display.

    frame := proc(t)
      plots:-display(
        P1,

        rotate(P2, Pi/2*t, [[1,1,0],[1,0,0]]),
        rotate(P3, Pi/2*t, [[0,1,0],[1,1,0]]),
        color=["Red", "Green", "Blue"], _rest);
    end proc:

    Animate:

    display(frame(0) $40, seq(frame(t), t=0..1, 0.01), frame(1) $40,
      insequence, scaling=constrained, axes=none,
      orientation=[45,0,120], viewpoint=circleleft);

     

    Download square-partitioned-into-pyramids.mw

     

     

    The equations of motion in curvilinear coordinates, tensor notation and Coriolis force

    ``

     

    The formulation of the equations of motion of a particle is simple in Cartesian coordinates using vector notation. However, depending on the problem, for example when describing the motion of a particle as seen from a non-inertial system of references (e.g. a rotating planet, like earth), there is advantage in using curvilinear coordinates and also tensor notation. When the particle's movement is observed from such a rotating referential, we also see "acceleration" that is not due to any force but to the fact that the referential itself is accelerated. The material below discusses and formulates these topics, and derives the expression for the Coriolis and centripetal force in cylindrical coordinates as seen from a rotating system of references.

     

    The computation below is reproducible in Maple 2020 using the Maplesoft Physics Updates v.681 or newer.

     

    Vector notation

     

    Generally speaking the equations of motion of a particle are easy to formulate: the position vector is a function of time, the velocity is its first derivative and the acceleration is its second derivative. For instance, in Cartesian coordinates

    with(Physics); with(Vectors)

    r_(t) = x(t)*_i+y(t)*_j+z(t)*_k

    r_(t) = x(t)*_i+y(t)*_j+z(t)*_k

    (1)

    diff(r_(t) = x(t)*_i+y(t)*_j+z(t)*_k, t)

    diff(r_(t), t) = (diff(x(t), t))*_i+(diff(y(t), t))*_j+(diff(z(t), t))*_k

    (2)

    diff(diff(r_(t), t) = (diff(x(t), t))*_i+(diff(y(t), t))*_j+(diff(z(t), t))*_k, t)

    diff(diff(r_(t), t), t) = (diff(diff(x(t), t), t))*_i+(diff(diff(y(t), t), t))*_j+(diff(diff(z(t), t), t))*_k

    (3)

    Newton's 2nd law, that in an inertial system of references when there is force there is acceleration and viceversa, is then given by

    F_(t) = m*lhs(diff(diff(r_(t), t), t) = (diff(diff(x(t), t), t))*_i+(diff(diff(y(t), t), t))*_j+(diff(diff(z(t), t), t))*_k)

    F_(t) = m*(diff(diff(r_(t), t), t))

    (4)

    where `#mover(mi("F"),mo("→"))`(t) = F__x(t)*`#mover(mi("i"),mo("∧"))`+F__y(t)*`#mover(mi("j"),mo("∧"))`+F__z(t)*`#mover(mi("k"),mo("∧"))` represents the total force acting on the particle. This vectorial equation represents three second order differential equations which, for given initial conditions, can be integrated to arrive at a closed form expression for `#mover(mi("r"),mo("→"))`(t) as a function of t.

     

    Tensor notation

     

    In Cartesian coordinates, the tensorial form of the equations (4) is also straightforward. In a flat spacetime - Galilean system of references - the three space coordinates x, y, z form a 3D tensor, and so does its first derivate and the second one. Set the spacetime to be 3-dimensional and Euclidean and use lowercaselatin indices for the corresponding tensors

    Setup(coordinates = cartesian, metric = Euclidean, dimension = 3, spacetimeindices = lowercaselatin)

    `The dimension and signature of the tensor space are set to `[3, `+ + +`]

     

    `Systems of spacetime coordinates are:`*{X = (x, y, z)}

     

    _______________________________________________________

     

    `The Euclidean metric in coordinates `*[x, y, z]

     

    _______________________________________________________

     

    Physics:-g_[mu, nu] = Matrix(%id = 18446744078329083054)

     

    _______________________________________________________

    (5)

    The position, velocity and acceleration vectors are expressed in tensor notation as done in (1), (2) and (3)

    X[j](t)

    (X)[j](t)

    (6)

    diff((X)[j](t), t)

    Physics:-Vectors:-diff((Physics:-SpaceTimeVector[j](X))(t), t)

    (7)

    diff(Physics[Vectors]:-diff((Physics[SpaceTimeVector][j](X))(t), t), t)

    Physics:-Vectors:-diff(Physics:-Vectors:-diff((Physics:-SpaceTimeVector[j](X))(t), t), t)

    (8)

    Setting a tensor F__j(t) to represent the three Cartesian components of the force

    Define(F[j] = [F__x(t), F__y(t), F__z(t)])

    `Defined objects with tensor properties`

     

    {Physics:-Dgamma[a], F[j], Physics:-Psigma[a], Physics:-d_[a], Physics:-g_[a, b], Physics:-LeviCivita[a, b, c], Physics:-SpaceTimeVector[a](X)}

    (9)

    Newton's 2nd law (4), now expressed in tensorial notation, is given by

    F[j] = m*Physics[Vectors]:-diff(Physics[Vectors]:-diff((Physics[SpaceTimeVector][j](X))(t), t), t)

    F[j] = m*(diff(diff((Physics:-SpaceTimeVector[j](X))(t), t), t))

    (10)

    The three differential equations behind this tensorial form of (4) are as expected

    TensorArray(F[j] = m*(diff(diff((Physics[SpaceTimeVector][j](X))(t), t), t)), output = setofequations)

    {F__x(t) = m*(diff(diff(x(t), t), t)), F__y(t) = m*(diff(diff(y(t), t), t)), F__z(t) = m*(diff(diff(z(t), t), t))}

    (11)

    Things are straightforward in Cartesian coordinates because the components of the line element `#mover(mi("dr"),mo("→"))` = dx*`#mover(mi("i"),mo("∧"))`+dy*`#mover(mi("j"),mo("∧"))`+dz*`#mover(mi("k"),mo("∧"))` are exactly the components of the tensor d(X[j])

    TensorArray(d_(X[j]))

    Array(%id = 18446744078354237310)

    (12)

    and so, the form factors (see related Mapleprimes post) are all equal to 1.

     

    In the case of no external forces, `#mover(mi("F"),mo("→"))`(t) = 0 and 0 = F[j] and the equations of motion, whose solution are the trajectory, can be formulated as the path of minimal length between two points, a geodesic. In the case under consideration, because the spacetime is flat (Galilean) those two points lie on a plane, we are talking about Euclidean geometry, that information is encoded in the metric (the 3x3 identity matrix (5)), and the geodesic is a straight line. The differential equations of this geodesic are thus the equations of motion (11) with  `#mover(mi("F"),mo("→"))`(t) = 0, and can be computed using Geodesics

     

    Geodesics(t)

    [diff(diff(z(t), t), t) = 0, diff(diff(y(t), t), t) = 0, diff(diff(x(t), t), t) = 0]

    (13)

     

    Curvilinear coordinates

     

    Vector notation

     

    The form of these equations in the case of curvilinear coordinates, for example in cylindrical or spherical variables, is obtained performing a change of coordinates.

    tr := `~`[`=`]([X], ChangeCoordinates([X], cylindrical))

    [x = rho*cos(phi), y = rho*sin(phi), z = z]

    (14)

    This change keeps the z axis unchanged, so the corresponding unit vector `#mover(mi("k"),mo("∧"))` remains unchanged.

    Changing the basis and coordinates used to represent the position vector `#mover(mi("r"),mo("→"))`(t) = x(t)*`#mover(mi("i"),mo("∧"))`+y(t)*`#mover(mi("j"),mo("∧"))`+z(t)*`#mover(mi("k"),mo("∧"))`, it becomes

    r_(t) = ChangeBasis(rhs(r_(t) = x(t)*_i+y(t)*_j+z(t)*_k), cylindrical, alsocomponents)

    r_(t) = z(t)*_k+rho(t)*_rho(t)

    (15)

    where since in (1) the coordinates (x, y, z) depend on t, in (15), not just rho(t) and z(t) but also the unit vector `#mover(mi("ρ",fontstyle = "normal"),mo("∧"))`(t)depends on t. The velocity is computed as usual, differentiating

    diff(r_(t) = z(t)*_k+rho(t)*_rho(t), t)

    diff(r_(t), t) = (diff(z(t), t))*_k+(diff(rho(t), t))*_rho(t)+rho(t)*(diff(phi(t), t))*_phi(t)

    (16)

    The second term is due to the dependency of `#mover(mi("ρ",fontstyle = "normal"),mo("∧"))` on the coordinate phi together with the chain rule diff(`#mover(mi("ρ",fontstyle = "normal"),mo("∧"))`(t), t) = (diff(`#mover(mi("ρ",fontstyle = "normal"),mo("∧"))`, phi))*(diff(phi(t), t)) and (diff(`#mover(mi("ρ",fontstyle = "normal"),mo("∧"))`, phi))*(diff(phi(t), t)) = `#mover(mi("φ",fontstyle = "normal"),mo("∧"))`(t)*(diff(phi(t), t)). The dependency of curvilinear unit vectors on the coordinates is automatically taken into account when differentiating due to the Setup setting geometricdifferentiation = true.

     

    For the acceleration,

    diff(diff(r_(t), t) = (diff(z(t), t))*_k+(diff(rho(t), t))*_rho(t)+rho(t)*(diff(phi(t), t))*_phi(t), t)

    diff(diff(r_(t), t), t) = _rho(t)*(diff(diff(rho(t), t), t)-rho(t)*(diff(phi(t), t))^2)+_phi(t)*(2*(diff(rho(t), t))*(diff(phi(t), t))+rho(t)*(diff(diff(phi(t), t), t)))+(diff(diff(z(t), t), t))*_k

    (17)

    where the term involving (diff(phi(t), t))^2 comes from differentiating `#mover(mi("φ",fontstyle = "normal"),mo("∧"))`(t) in (16) taking into account the dependency of `#mover(mi("φ",fontstyle = "normal"),mo("∧"))` on the coordinate "phi." This result can also be obtained by directly changing variables in the acceleration diff(`#mover(mi("r"),mo("→"))`(t), t, t), in equation (3)

    lhs(diff(diff(r_(t), t), t) = (diff(diff(x(t), t), t))*_i+(diff(diff(y(t), t), t))*_j+(diff(diff(z(t), t), t))*_k) = ChangeBasis(rhs(diff(diff(r_(t), t), t) = (diff(diff(x(t), t), t))*_i+(diff(diff(y(t), t), t))*_j+(diff(diff(z(t), t), t))*_k), cylindrical, alsocomponents)

    diff(diff(r_(t), t), t) = _rho(t)*(diff(diff(rho(t), t), t)-rho(t)*(diff(phi(t), t))^2)+_phi(t)*(2*(diff(rho(t), t))*(diff(phi(t), t))+rho(t)*(diff(diff(phi(t), t), t)))+(diff(diff(z(t), t), t))*_k

    (18)

     

    Newton's 2nd law becomes

    F_(t) = m*rhs(diff(diff(r_(t), t), t) = _rho(t)*(diff(diff(rho(t), t), t)-rho(t)*(diff(phi(t), t))^2)+_phi(t)*(2*(diff(rho(t), t))*(diff(phi(t), t))+rho(t)*(diff(diff(phi(t), t), t)))+(diff(diff(z(t), t), t))*_k)

    F_(t) = m*(_rho(t)*(diff(diff(rho(t), t), t)-rho(t)*(diff(phi(t), t))^2)+_phi(t)*(2*(diff(rho(t), t))*(diff(phi(t), t))+rho(t)*(diff(diff(phi(t), t), t)))+(diff(diff(z(t), t), t))*_k)

    (19)

    In the absence of external forces, equating to 0 the vector components (coefficients of the unit vectors) of the acceleration diff(`#mover(mi("r"),mo("→"))`(t), t, t)we get the system of differential equations in cylindrical coordinates whose solution is the trajectory of the particle expressed in the ("rho(t),phi(t),z(t))"

    `~`[`=`]({coeffs(rhs(diff(diff(r_(t), t), t) = _rho(t)*(diff(diff(rho(t), t), t)-rho(t)*(diff(phi(t), t))^2)+_phi(t)*(2*(diff(rho(t), t))*(diff(phi(t), t))+rho(t)*(diff(diff(phi(t), t), t)))+(diff(diff(z(t), t), t))*_k), [`#mover(mi("ρ",fontstyle = "normal"),mo("∧"))`(t), `#mover(mi("φ",fontstyle = "normal"),mo("∧"))`(t), `#mover(mi("k"),mo("∧"))`])}, 0)

    {2*(diff(rho(t), t))*(diff(phi(t), t))+rho(t)*(diff(diff(phi(t), t), t)) = 0, diff(diff(rho(t), t), t)-rho(t)*(diff(phi(t), t))^2 = 0, diff(diff(z(t), t), t) = 0}

    (20)

    solve({2*(diff(rho(t), t))*(diff(phi(t), t))+rho(t)*(diff(diff(phi(t), t), t)) = 0, diff(diff(rho(t), t), t)-rho(t)*(diff(phi(t), t))^2 = 0, diff(diff(z(t), t), t) = 0}, {diff(phi(t), t, t), diff(rho(t), t, t), diff(z(t), t, t)})

    {diff(diff(phi(t), t), t) = -2*(diff(rho(t), t))*(diff(phi(t), t))/rho(t), diff(diff(rho(t), t), t) = rho(t)*(diff(phi(t), t))^2, diff(diff(z(t), t), t) = 0}

    (21)

    In this formulation (21) with `#mover(mi("F"),mo("→"))`(t) = 0, although diff(z(t), t, t) = 0, no acceleration in the `#mover(mi("k"),mo("∧"))` direction, is naturally expected, the same cannot be said about the other two equations for diff(phi(t), t, t) and diff(rho(t), t, t). Those two equations are discussed below under Coriolis and Centripetal forces. The key observation at this point, however, is that the right-hand sides of both unexpected equations involve diff(phi(t), t), rotation around the z axis.

     

    Tensor notation

     

    The same equations (19) and (21) result when using tensor notation. For that purpose, one can transform the position, velocity and acceleration tensors (6), (7), (8), but since they are expressed as functions of a parameter (the time), it is simpler to transform only the underlying metric using TransformCoordinates. That has the advantage that all the geometrical subtleties of curvilinear coordinates, like scale factors and dependency of unit vectors on curvilinear coordinates, get automatically, very succinctly, encoded in the metric:

    TransformCoordinates(tr, g_[j, k], [rho, phi, z], setmetric)

    _______________________________________________________

     

    `Coordinates: `[rho, phi, z]*`. Signature: `(`+ + +`)

     

    _______________________________________________________

     

    Physics:-g_[a, b] = Matrix(%id = 18446744078263848958)

     

    _______________________________________________________

    (22)

    The computation of geodesics assumes that the coordinates (rho, phi, z) depend on a parameter. That parameter is passed as the first argument to Geodesics

    Geodesics(t)

    [diff(diff(rho(t), t), t) = rho(t)*(diff(phi(t), t))^2, diff(diff(phi(t), t), t) = -2*(diff(rho(t), t))*(diff(phi(t), t))/rho(t), diff(diff(z(t), t), t) = 0]

    (23)

    These equations of motion (23) are the same as the equations (21) computed using standard vector notation, differentiating and taking into account the dependency of curvilinear unit vectors on the curvilinear coordinates in (16) and (17).  One of the interesting features of computing with tensors is, as said, that all those geometrical algebraic subtleties of curvilinear coordinates are automatically encoded in the metric (22).

     

    To understand how are the geodesic equations computed in one go in (23), one can perform the calculation in steps:

    1. 

    Make rho be a function of t directly in the metric

    2. 

    Compute - not the final form of the equations (23) - but the intermediate form expressing the geodesic equation using tensor notation, in terms of Christoffel symbols

    3. 

    Compute the components of that tensorial equation for the geodesic (using TensorArray)

     

    For step 1, we have

    subs(rho = rho(t), g_[])

    Physics:-g_[a, b] = Matrix(%id = 18446744078354237910)

    (24)

    Set this metric where `≡`(rho, rho(t))

    "Setup(?):"

    _______________________________________________________

     

    `Coordinates: `[rho, phi, z]*`. Signature: `(`+ + +`)

     

    _______________________________________________________

     

    Physics:-g_[a, b] = Matrix(%id = 18446744078342604430)

     

    _______________________________________________________

    (25)

    Step 2, the geodesic equations in tensor notation with the coordinates depending on the time t are computed passing the optional argument tensornotation

    Geodesics(t, tensornotation)

    diff(diff((Physics:-SpaceTimeVector[`~a`](X))(t), t), t)+Physics:-Christoffel[`~a`, b, c]*(diff((Physics:-SpaceTimeVector[`~b`](X))(t), t))*(diff((Physics:-SpaceTimeVector[`~c`](X))(t), t)) = 0

    (26)

    Step 3: compute the components of this tensorial equation

    TensorArray(diff(diff((Physics[SpaceTimeVector][`~a`](X))(t), t), t)+Physics[Christoffel][`~a`, b, c]*(diff((Physics[SpaceTimeVector][`~b`](X))(t), t))*(diff((Physics[SpaceTimeVector][`~c`](X))(t), t)) = 0, output = listofequations)

    [diff(diff(rho(t), t), t)-rho(t)*(diff(phi(t), t))^2 = 0, diff(diff(phi(t), t), t)+2*(diff(rho(t), t))*(diff(phi(t), t))/rho(t) = 0, diff(diff(z(t), t), t) = 0]

    (27)

    These are the same equations (23).

     

    Having the tensorial equation (26) is also useful to formulate the equations of motion in tensorial form in the presence of force. For that purpose, redefine the contravariant tensor F^j to represent the force in the cylindrical basis

    Define(F[`~j`] = [`F__ρ`(t), `F__φ`(t), F__z(t)])

    `Defined objects with tensor properties`

     

    {Physics:-D_[a], Physics:-Dgamma[a], F[j], Physics:-Psigma[a], Physics:-Ricci[a, b], Physics:-Riemann[a, b, c, d], Physics:-Weyl[a, b, c, d], Physics:-d_[a], Physics:-g_[a, b], Physics:-Christoffel[a, b, c], Physics:-Einstein[a, b], Physics:-LeviCivita[a, b, c], Physics:-SpaceTimeVector[a](X)}

    (28)

     

    Newton's 2nd law (19)

    F_(t) = m*(_rho(t)*(diff(diff(rho(t), t), t)-rho(t)*(diff(phi(t), t))^2)+_phi(t)*(2*(diff(rho(t), t))*(diff(phi(t), t))+rho(t)*(diff(diff(phi(t), t), t)))+(diff(diff(z(t), t), t))*_k)

    F_(t) = m*(_rho(t)*(diff(diff(rho(t), t), t)-rho(t)*(diff(phi(t), t))^2)+_phi(t)*(2*(diff(rho(t), t))*(diff(phi(t), t))+rho(t)*(diff(diff(phi(t), t), t)))+(diff(diff(z(t), t), t))*_k)

    (29)

    now using tensorial notation, becomes

    F[`~a`] = m*lhs(diff(diff((Physics[SpaceTimeVector][`~a`](X))(t), t), t)+Physics[Christoffel][`~a`, b, c]*(diff((Physics[SpaceTimeVector][`~b`](X))(t), t))*(diff((Physics[SpaceTimeVector][`~c`](X))(t), t)) = 0)

    F[`~a`] = m*(diff(diff((Physics:-SpaceTimeVector[`~a`](X))(t), t), t)+Physics:-Christoffel[`~a`, b, c]*(diff((Physics:-SpaceTimeVector[`~b`](X))(t), t))*(diff((Physics:-SpaceTimeVector[`~c`](X))(t), t)))

    (30)

    TensorArray(F[`~a`] = m*(diff(diff((Physics[SpaceTimeVector][`~a`](X))(t), t), t)+Physics[Christoffel][`~a`, b, c]*(diff((Physics[SpaceTimeVector][`~b`](X))(t), t))*(diff((Physics[SpaceTimeVector][`~c`](X))(t), t))))

    Array(%id = 18446744078329063774)

    (31)

    where we recall (see related Mapleprimes post) that to obtain the vector components entering `#mover(mi("F"),mo("→"))`(t) from these tensor components F[`~a`]we need to multiply the latter by the scale factors (1, rho(t), 1), the component of `#mover(mi("F"),mo("→"))`(t) in the direction of `#mover(mi("φ",fontstyle = "normal"),mo("∧"))` is given by rho(t)*m*(diff(phi(t), t, t)+2*(diff(rho(t), t))*(diff(phi(t), t))/rho(t)).

     

    Coriolis force and centripetal force

     

    After changing variables the position vector of the particle got expressed in (15) as

     

    `#mover(mi("r"),mo("→"))`(t) = z(t)*`#mover(mi("k"),mo("∧"))`+`#mover(mi("ρ",fontstyle = "normal"),mo("∧"))`(t)*rho(t)

     

    A distinction needs to be made here, according to whether the unit vector `#mover(mi("ρ",fontstyle = "normal"),mo("∧"))` depends or not on the time t, the former being the general case. When `#mover(mi("ρ",fontstyle = "normal"),mo("∧"))` is a constant, the value of the coordinate phi - the angle between `#mover(mi("ρ",fontstyle = "normal"),mo("∧"))` and the x axis - does not change, there is no rotation around the z axis. On the other hand, when `≡`(`#mover(mi("ρ",fontstyle = "normal"),mo("∧"))`, `#mover(mi("ρ",fontstyle = "normal"),mo("∧"))`(t)), the orientation of `#mover(mi("ρ",fontstyle = "normal"),mo("∧"))` and so the coordinate phi changes with time, so either the force `#mover(mi("F"),mo("→"))`(t)acting on the particle has a component in the `#mover(mi("φ",fontstyle = "normal"),mo("∧"))` direction that produces rotation around the z axis, or the system of references - itself - is rotating around the z axis.

     

    Likewise, the expression (15)  can represent the position vector measured in the original Galilean (inertial) system of references, where a force `#mover(mi("F"),mo("→"))`(t)is producing rotation around the z axis, or it can represent the position of the particle measured in a rotating, non-inertial system references. Hence the transformation (14) can also be interpreted in two different ways, as representing a choice of different functions (generalized coordinates) to represent the position of the particle in the original inertial system of references, or it can represent a transformation from an inertial to another rotating, non-inertial, system of references.

     

    This equivalence between the trajectory of a particle subject to an external force, as observed in an inertial system of references, and the same trajectory observed from a non-inertial accelerated system of references where there is no external force, actually at the root of the formulation of general relativity, is also well known in classical mechanics. The (apparent) forces observed in the rotating non-inertial system of references, due only to its acceleration, are called Coriolis and centripetal forces.

     

    To see that the equations

     

    diff(rho(t), t, t) = (diff(phi(t), t))^2*rho(t), diff(phi(t), t, t) = -2*(diff(phi(t), t))*(diff(rho(t), t))/rho(t)

     

    that appeared in (27) when in the inertial system of references `#mover(mi("F"),mo("→"))`(t) = m*(diff(`#mover(mi("r"),mo("→"))`(t), t, t)) and m*(diff(`#mover(mi("r"),mo("→"))`(t), t, t)) = 0, are related to the Coriolis and centripetal forces in the non-inertial referencial, following [1] introduce a vector `#mover(mi("ω",fontstyle = "normal"),mo("→"))`representing the rotation of that referencial around the z axis (when, in the inertial system of references, the non-inertial system rotates clockwise, in the non-inertial system phi increases in value in the anti-clockwise direction)

    `#mover(mi("ω",fontstyle = "normal"),mo("→"))` = -(diff(phi(t), t))*`#mover(mi("k"),mo("∧"))`

    omega_ = -(diff(phi(t), t))*_k

    (32)

    According to [1], (39.7), the acceleration diff(`#mover(mi("r"),mo("→"))`(t), t, t)in the inertial system is expressed in terms of the quantities in the non-inertial rotating system by the sum of the following three vectorial terms.

    First, the components of the acceleration `#mover(mi("a"),mo("→"))`(t)measured in the non-inertial system are given by the second derivatives of the coordinates (rho(t), phi(t), z(t)) multiplied by the scale factors, which in this case are given by (1, rho(t), 1) (see this post in Mapleprimes)

    `#mover(mi("a"),mo("→"))`(t) = (diff(rho(t), t, t))*`#mover(mi("ρ",fontstyle = "normal"),mo("∧"))`(t)+rho(t)*(diff(phi(t), t, t))*`#mover(mi("φ",fontstyle = "normal"),mo("∧"))`(t)+(diff(z(t), t, t))*`#mover(mi("k"),mo("∧"))`

    a_(t) = (diff(diff(rho(t), t), t))*_rho(t)+rho(t)*(diff(diff(phi(t), t), t))*_phi(t)+(diff(diff(z(t), t), t))*_k

    (33)

    Second, the Coriolis force divided by the mass, by definition given by

    2*`&x`(diff(r_(t), t) = (diff(z(t), t))*_k+(diff(rho(t), t))*_rho(t)+rho(t)*(diff(phi(t), t))*_phi(t), omega_ = -(diff(phi(t), t))*_k)

    2*Physics:-Vectors:-`&x`(diff(r_(t), t), omega_) = -2*rho(t)*(diff(phi(t), t))^2*_rho(t)+2*(diff(rho(t), t))*(diff(phi(t), t))*_phi(t)

    (34)

    Third the centripetal force divided by the mass, defined by

    `&x`(omega_ = -(diff(phi(t), t))*_k, `&x`(r_(t) = z(t)*_k+rho(t)*_rho(t), omega_ = -(diff(phi(t), t))*_k))

    Physics:-Vectors:-`&x`(omega_, Physics:-Vectors:-`&x`(r_(t), omega_)) = rho(t)*(diff(phi(t), t))^2*_rho(t)

    (35)

    Adding these three terms,

    (a_(t) = (diff(diff(rho(t), t), t))*_rho(t)+rho(t)*(diff(diff(phi(t), t), t))*_phi(t)+(diff(diff(z(t), t), t))*_k)+(2*Physics[Vectors][`&x`](diff(r_(t), t), omega_) = -2*rho(t)*(diff(phi(t), t))^2*_rho(t)+2*(diff(rho(t), t))*(diff(phi(t), t))*_phi(t))+(Physics[Vectors][`&x`](omega_, Physics[Vectors][`&x`](r_(t), omega_)) = rho(t)*(diff(phi(t), t))^2*_rho(t))

    a_(t)+2*Physics:-Vectors:-`&x`(diff(r_(t), t), omega_)+Physics:-Vectors:-`&x`(omega_, Physics:-Vectors:-`&x`(r_(t), omega_)) = _rho(t)*(diff(diff(rho(t), t), t)-rho(t)*(diff(phi(t), t))^2)+_phi(t)*(2*(diff(rho(t), t))*(diff(phi(t), t))+rho(t)*(diff(diff(phi(t), t), t)))+(diff(diff(z(t), t), t))*_k

    (36)

    So that

    diff(`#mover(mi("r"),mo("→"))`(t), t, t) = lhs(a_(t)+2*Physics[Vectors][`&x`](diff(r_(t), t), omega_)+Physics[Vectors][`&x`](omega_, Physics[Vectors][`&x`](r_(t), omega_)) = _rho(t)*(diff(diff(rho(t), t), t)-(diff(phi(t), t))^2*rho(t))+_phi(t)*(2*(diff(phi(t), t))*(diff(rho(t), t))+rho(t)*(diff(diff(phi(t), t), t)))+(diff(diff(z(t), t), t))*_k)

    diff(diff(r_(t), t), t) = a_(t)+2*Physics:-Vectors:-`&x`(diff(r_(t), t), omega_)+Physics:-Vectors:-`&x`(omega_, Physics:-Vectors:-`&x`(r_(t), omega_))

    (37)

    and where the right-hand side of (36) is, actually, the result computed lines above in (18)

    diff(diff(r_(t), t), t) = _rho(t)*(diff(diff(rho(t), t), t)-(diff(phi(t), t))^2*rho(t))+_phi(t)*(2*(diff(phi(t), t))*(diff(rho(t), t))+rho(t)*(diff(diff(phi(t), t), t)))+(diff(diff(z(t), t), t))*_k

    diff(diff(r_(t), t), t) = _rho(t)*(diff(diff(rho(t), t), t)-rho(t)*(diff(phi(t), t))^2)+_phi(t)*(2*(diff(rho(t), t))*(diff(phi(t), t))+rho(t)*(diff(diff(phi(t), t), t)))+(diff(diff(z(t), t), t))*_k

    (38)

    rhs(a_(t)+2*Physics[Vectors][`&x`](diff(r_(t), t), omega_)+Physics[Vectors][`&x`](omega_, Physics[Vectors][`&x`](r_(t), omega_)) = _rho(t)*(diff(diff(rho(t), t), t)-(diff(phi(t), t))^2*rho(t))+_phi(t)*(2*(diff(phi(t), t))*(diff(rho(t), t))+rho(t)*(diff(diff(phi(t), t), t)))+(diff(diff(z(t), t), t))*_k)-rhs(diff(diff(r_(t), t), t) = _rho(t)*(diff(diff(rho(t), t), t)-(diff(phi(t), t))^2*rho(t))+_phi(t)*(2*(diff(phi(t), t))*(diff(rho(t), t))+rho(t)*(diff(diff(phi(t), t), t)))+(diff(diff(z(t), t), t))*_k)

    0

    (39)

    From (37), in the absence of external forces diff(`#mover(mi("r"),mo("→"))`(t), t, t) = 0 and so the acceleration `#mover(mi("a"),mo("→"))`(t) measured in the rotating system is given by the sum of the Coriolis and centripetal accelerations

    isolate(rhs(diff(diff(r_(t), t), t) = a_(t)+2*Physics[Vectors][`&x`](diff(r_(t), t), omega_)+Physics[Vectors][`&x`](omega_, Physics[Vectors][`&x`](r_(t), omega_))), `#mover(mi("a"),mo("→"))`(t))

    a_(t) = -2*Physics:-Vectors:-`&x`(diff(r_(t), t), omega_)-Physics:-Vectors:-`&x`(omega_, Physics:-Vectors:-`&x`(r_(t), omega_))

    (40)

    In other words: in the absence of external forces, the acceleration of a particle observed in a rotating (non-inertial) system of references is not zero.

     

    Expressing this equation (40) in terms of (rho(t), phi(t), z(t)) we get

    subs(a_(t) = (diff(diff(rho(t), t), t))*_rho(t)+rho(t)*(diff(diff(phi(t), t), t))*_phi(t)+(diff(diff(z(t), t), t))*_k, -(2*Physics[Vectors][`&x`](diff(r_(t), t), omega_) = -2*rho(t)*(diff(phi(t), t))^2*_rho(t)+2*(diff(rho(t), t))*(diff(phi(t), t))*_phi(t)), Physics[Vectors][`&x`](omega_, Physics[Vectors][`&x`](r_(t), omega_)) = rho(t)*(diff(phi(t), t))^2*_rho(t), a_(t) = -2*Physics[Vectors][`&x`](diff(r_(t), t), omega_)-Physics[Vectors][`&x`](omega_, Physics[Vectors][`&x`](r_(t), omega_)))

    (diff(diff(rho(t), t), t))*_rho(t)+rho(t)*(diff(diff(phi(t), t), t))*_phi(t)+(diff(diff(z(t), t), t))*_k = rho(t)*(diff(phi(t), t))^2*_rho(t)-2*(diff(rho(t), t))*(diff(phi(t), t))*_phi(t)

    (41)

    resulting in the three equations

    ((diff(diff(rho(t), t), t))*_rho(t)+rho(t)*(diff(diff(phi(t), t), t))*_phi(t)+(diff(diff(z(t), t), t))*_k = rho(t)*(diff(phi(t), t))^2*_rho(t)-2*(diff(rho(t), t))*(diff(phi(t), t))*_phi(t)).`#mover(mi("ρ",fontstyle = "normal"),mo("∧"))`(t)

    diff(diff(rho(t), t), t) = rho(t)*(diff(phi(t), t))^2

    (42)

    ((diff(diff(rho(t), t), t))*_rho(t)+rho(t)*(diff(diff(phi(t), t), t))*_phi(t)+(diff(diff(z(t), t), t))*_k = rho(t)*(diff(phi(t), t))^2*_rho(t)-2*(diff(rho(t), t))*(diff(phi(t), t))*_phi(t)).`#mover(mi("φ",fontstyle = "normal"),mo("∧"))`(t)

    rho(t)*(diff(diff(phi(t), t), t)) = -2*(diff(rho(t), t))*(diff(phi(t), t))

    (43)

    ((diff(diff(rho(t), t), t))*_rho(t)+rho(t)*(diff(diff(phi(t), t), t))*_phi(t)+(diff(diff(z(t), t), t))*_k = rho(t)*(diff(phi(t), t))^2*_rho(t)-2*(diff(rho(t), t))*(diff(phi(t), t))*_phi(t)).`#mover(mi("k"),mo("∧"))`

    diff(diff(z(t), t), t) = 0

    (44)

    which are the equations returned by Geodesics in (23)

    [diff(diff(rho(t), t), t) = rho(t)*(diff(phi(t), t))^2, diff(diff(phi(t), t), t) = -2*(diff(rho(t), t))*(diff(phi(t), t))/rho(t), diff(diff(z(t), t), t) = 0]

    [diff(diff(rho(t), t), t) = rho(t)*(diff(phi(t), t))^2, diff(diff(phi(t), t), t) = -2*(diff(rho(t), t))*(diff(phi(t), t))/rho(t), diff(diff(z(t), t), t) = 0]

    (45)

    ``

    References

    [1] L.D. Landau, E.M. Lifchitz, Mechanics, Course of Theoretical Physics, Volume 1, third edition, Elsevier.


     

    Download The_equations_of_motion_in_curvilinear_coordinates.mw

    Edgardo S. Cheb-Terrab
    Physics, Differential Equations and Mathematical Functions, Maplesoft

     

    POSSIBILITIES OF USING OF COMPUTER IN MATHEMATICS

    AND OTHER APPLICATIONS IN INCLUSIVE EDUCATION

     

    Alsu Gibadullina, math teacher, math teacher

    Secondary and high school # 57, Kazan, Russia

     

    In recent years Russia actively promoted and implemented the so-called inclusive education (IE). According to the materials of Alliance of human rights organizations “Save the children”: "Inclusive or included education is the term used to describe the process of teaching children with special needs in General (mass) schools. In the base of inclusive education is the ideology that ensures equal treatment for everybody, but creates special conditions for children with special educational needs. Experience shows that any of the rigid educational system some part of the children is eliminated because the system is not ready to meet the individual needs of these children in education. This ratio is 15 % of the total number of children in schools and so retired children become separated and excluded from the overall system. You need to understand that children do not fail but the system excludes children. Inclusive approaches can support such children in learning and achieving success. Inclusive education seeks to develop a methodology that recognizes that all children have different learning needs tries to develop a more flexible approach to teaching. If teaching and learning will become more effective as a result of the changes that introduces Inclusive Education, all children will win (not only children with special needs)."

    There are many examples of schools that have developed their strategy implementation of IE, published many theoretical and practical benefits of inclusion today. All of them have common, immaterial character. There is no description of specific techniques implementing the principles of IO in the teaching of certain disciplines, particularly mathematics. In this paper we propose a methodology that can be successfully used as in “mathematical education for everyone", also for the development of scientific creativity of children at all age levels of the school in any discipline.

    According to the author, one of the most effective methodological tools for education is a computer mathematics (SCM, SSM). Despite the fact that the SCM were created for solving problems of higher mathematics, their ability can successfully implement them in the school system. This opinion is confirmed by more than 10–year-old author's experience of using the package Maple in teaching mathematics. At first it was just learning the system and primitive using its. Then author’s interactive demonstrations, e-books, programs of analytical testing were created by the tools packages. The experience of using the system Maple in teaching inevitably led to the necessity to teach children to work with it. At first worked a club who has studied  the principles of the package’s work, which eventually turned into a research laboratory for the use of computer technology. Later on its basis there was created the scientific student society (SSS) “GEODROMhic" which operates to this day. The main idea and the ultimate goal of SSS – individual research activities on their interests with the creation of the author electronic scientific journals through the use of computer mathematics Maple. The field of application of the package was very diverse: from mathematics to psychology and cultural phenomena. SSS’s activity is very high: they are constantly and successfully participate in intellectual high-level activities (up to international). Obviously, not every SSS’s member reaches high end result. However, even basic experience in scientific analysis, modeling, intelligent  using of the computer teaches the critical thinking skills, evokes interest to new knowledge, allows you to experience their practical value, gives rise to the development of creative abilities. As a result, the research activity improves intellectual culture, self-esteem and confidence, resistance to external negative influence. It should be noted, however, that members of the scientific societies are not largely the so-called "gifted", than ordinary teenagers with different level of intellectual development and mathematical training. With all this especially valuable is that the student is dealing with mathematical signs and mathematical models, which contributes to the development of mathematical thinking.

    From 2007 to 2012. our school (№. 57 of Kazan) was the experimental platform of the Republican study SKM (Maple) and other application software in the system of school mathematical education under the scientific management of Professor Yu. G. Ignatyev of Kazan state University (KF(P)U).

    Practical adaptation of computer mathematics and other useful information technologies to the educational process of secondary schools passed and continues to work in the following areas:

    1. The creation of a demonstration support of different types of the lessons;
    2. The embedding of computing to the structure of practical trainings;
    3. In the form of additional courses - studying of computer applications through which you can conduct a research of the mathematical model and create animated presentation videos, web-pages, auto-run menu;
    4. Students’ working on individual creative projects:
      • construction of computer mathematical models;
      • creating author's programs with elements of scientific researches;
      • students create interactive computer-based tutorials;
      • creation of an electronic library of creative projects;
    5. The participation of students  in the annual competitions and scientific conferences for students;
    6. The accumulation and dissemination of new methodological experience.

    Traditionally, the training system has the structure: explanation of a new →  the solution of tasks→ check, self-test and control → planning of the new unit  with using analysis. However, the main task types: 1) elementary, 2) basic, 3) combined, 4) integrated, 5) custom. With the increasing the level of training a number of basic tasks are growing and some integrated tasks become a class of basic. Thus, the library for basic operations is generated. The decision of the educational task occurs on the way of mastering the theoretical knowledge of mathematical modeling: 1) analysis of conditions (and construction drawing), 2) the search for methods of solution, 3) computation, 4) the researching.

    To introduce computer mathematics in this training system, you can:

    • At demonstrations. For example, with Maplе facilities you can create a step-by-step interactive and animated images, which are essentially the exact graphic interpretation of mathematical models.
    • If we have centralized collective control.
    • If students have individual self-control.
    • In the analysis of the conditions of the problem, for the construction and visualization of its model, the study of this model.
    • In the computations.
    • In practical training of different forms.
    • In individual projects with elements of research.

    In the learning process with the use of computer mathematics in the school a library of themed demonstrations, tasks of different levels and purpose, programs, analytical testing, research projects is generated. With all this especially valuable is that the student is dealing with mathematical signs and mathematical models. Addiction to them processed in the course of working with them it’s unobtrusive, naturally, organically.

    Mathematical modelling (MM) is increasingly becoming an important component of scientific research. Today's powerful engineering tools allow to carry out numerous computer experiments, deep and full enough of exploring the object, without significant cost painless. Thus provided the advantages of theoretical approach, and experiment. The integration of information technology and MM method is effective, safe and economical. This explains its wide distribution and makes unavoidable component of scientific and technical progress.

    Modeling is a natural process for people, it is present in any activity. The introduction with nature by man occurs through constant  modeling of situation, comparing with the basic models and past experience by them. Method for modeling, abstraction as a method of understanding the world is therefore  an effective method of learning. Training activities associated with the creative transformation of the subject. The main feature of educational training activities is the systematic solution of the educational problems. The connection of the principles of developmental education, mathematical modeling, neurophysiological mechanisms of the brain and experience with Maple leads to the following conclusions: the method of mathematical modeling is not only scientific research but also the way of development of thinking in general; computer and mathematical environment (Maple), which is a powerful tool for scientific simulation can be considered as the elementary analogue of the brain. These qualities of computer mathematics led to the idea of using it not only as an effective methodological tool but as a means of nurturing the thinking and development of mental functions of the brain. To study this effect the school psychologist conducted a test, which confirm the observations: the dynamics of intellectual options students  who working with Maple compares favorably with peers. In the process of doing computer math, in particular Maple, are involved in complex different mental functions. It is in the inclusion of all mental functions is the essence of integration of learning, its educational character. And this, in turn, contributes to the solution of moral problems.

    Long-term work with computer mathematics led to the idea to use it as a tool for psychological testing. One of the projects focuses on the psychology and contains authors Maple–tests to identify the degree of development of different mental functions. Interactive mathematical environment  gives a wide variability and creative testing capabilities. Moreover, Maple–test can be used not only as diagnostic but also as educational, and corrective. This technology was tested in one of psycho neurological dispensaries a few years ago.

    Currently, one of the author's students, the so-called "homeworkers", the second year is a young man with a diagnosis, categories F20, who does not speak and does not write independently. It was impossible to get feedback from him and have basic training until then author have begun to apply computer-based tools, including system Maple. Working with the computer tests and mathematical objects helps to see not only the mental and even the simplest thinking movement, but also emotional movement!

    In general, the effectiveness of the implementation in the structure of educational process of secondary school of new organizational forms of the use of computers, based on the application of the symbolic mathematics package Maple, computer modeling and information technology, has many aspects, here are some of them:

    • goals of education and math in particular;
    • additional education;
    • methodical and professional opportunities;
    • theoretical education;
    • modeling;
    • scientific creativity;
    • logical language;
    • spatial thinking, the development of the imagination;
    • programming skills;
    • the specificity of technical translation;
    • differentiation and individualization of educational process;
    • prospective teaching, the continuity of higher and secondary mathematics education;
    • development of creative abilities, research skills;
    • analytical thinking;
    • mathematical thinking;
    • mental diagnosis;
    • mental correction.

           According to the author, the unique experience of the Kazan 57–th school suggests that computer mathematics (Maple) is the most effective also universal tool of new methods of inclusion. In recent decades, there are more children with a specific behavior, with a specific perception, not able to focus, with a poor memory, poor thinking processes. There are children, emotionally and intellectually healthy, or even ahead of their peers in one team together with them. High school should provide all the common core learning standards. It needed a variety of programs and techniques, as well as specialists who use them. Due to its remarkable features, computer mathematics, in particular Maple, can be used or be the basis of the variation of methods of physico-mathematical disciplines of inclusive education.

     

    Research work

    The fractal structure’s researching.

    Modeling of the fractal sets in the Maple program.

    Municipal Budget Educational Establishment “School # 57” of Kirov district of Kazan

        Author:  Ibragimova Evelina

        Scientific advisor:  Alsu Gibadullina - mathematics teacher

        Translator:  Aigul Gibadullina

    In Russian

    ИбрагимоваЭ_Фракталы.docx

    In English

    Fractals_researching.doc

     

         ( Images - in attached files )

    Table of contents:

    Introduction

    I. Studying of principles of fractals construction

    II. Applied meaning of fractals

    III. Researching of computer programs of fractals construction

    Conclusion

    Introduction

    We don’t usually think about main point of things, which we have to do with every day. Environmental systems are many-sided, ever–changing and compli­cated, but they are formed by a little number of rules. Fractals are apt example of this – they are complicated, but based on simple regulations. Self – similarity is the main attribute of them.  Just one fractal element contains genetically information about all system.  This information have a forming role for all system. But some­times self – similarity is partial.

    Hypothesis of the research. Fractals and various elements of the Universe have general principles of structural organization. It is a reason why the theory of frac­tals is instrument for cognition of the world.

    Purpose of the research. Studying  of genetic analogy  between fractals and alive and non-living Universe systems with computer-based mathematical mod­eling in the Mapel’s computer space.

    Problems of the research. 

    1. studying of principles of fractal’s construction;
    2. Detection of  general fractal content of physical, biological and artificial sys­tems;
    3. Researching of applied meaning of fractals;
    4. Searching of computer programs which can generate all of known fractals;
    5. Researching of fractals witch was assigned by complex variables;
    6. Formation of innovative ideas of using of fractals in different spaces;

    The object of research.  Fractal structures, nature and society objects.

    The subject of research. Manifestation of fractality in different objects of the Universe.

    Methods of the researching.

    1. Studying and analysis of literature of research’s problem;
    2. Searching of computer programs which can generate fractals and experimenta­tion with them;
    3. Comparative analysis of principles of generating of fractals and structural or­ganizations of physical, biological and artificial systems;
    4. Generation and formulation of innovation ways to applied significance of fractals.

    Applied significance.

    Researching of universality of fractals gives general academic way of cognition of nature and society.

     

    I. Studying of principles of fractal construction

    We can see fractal constructions everywhere – from crystals and different accu­mulations (clouds, rivers, mountains, stars etc.) to complex ecosystems and bio­logical objects like fern leafs or human brain. Actually, the idea that frac­tal principles are genetic code of our Universe has been discussed for about fifteen years. The first attempt of modeling of the process of the Universe construction was done by A.D. Linde. We also know that young Andrey Saharov had solved “fractal” calculation problem – it was already half a century ago.

    Now therefore, fractal picture of the world was intuitively anticipated by human genius and it inevitably manifested in its activity.

    Fractals are divided into four groups in the traditional way: geometric (constructive), algebraical (dynamical), stochastical and natural.

    The first group of fractals is geometric. It is the most demonstrative type of fractals, because we can instantly observe the self-similarity in it. This type of fractals is constructed in the basis of original figure by her fragmentation and real­izing of different transformations. Geometrical fractals ensue on repeating of this procedure. They are using in computer-generated graphics for generating the pic­tures of leafs, bush, dimensional structures, etc.

    The second large group of fractals -  algebraical. This fractals are constructed by iteration of nonlinear displays, which set by simple formulas. There are two types of algebraical fractals – linear and nonlinear. The first of them are determined by first order equates (linear equates), and the second by nonlinear equates, their na­ture significantly brighter, richer and more diverse than first order equates.

    The third known group of fractals – stochastical. It is generated by method of random modification of options in iterative process. Therefore, we get an objects which is similar to nature fractals – asymmetrical trees, rugged coasts, mountain scenery etc. Such fractals are useful in modeling of land topography, sea–surface and electrolysis process etc.

    The fourth group of fractals is nature, they are dominate in our life. The main difference of such fractals is that they can’t demonstrate infinite self-similarity. There is “physical fractals” term in the classification concept for nature fractals, this term notes their naturalness. These fractals are created with two simple opera­tions: copy and scaling. We can indefinitely list examples of nature fractals: hu­man’s circulatory system, crowns and leafs of trees, lungs, etc.  It is impossible to show all diversity of nature fractals.

     

    II. Applied meaning of fractals

    Fractals are having incredibly widespread application nowadays.

    In the medicine. Human’s organism is consists from fractal structures: circulatory system, bronchus, muscle, neuron system, etc. So it’s naturally that fractal algorithms are useful in the medicine. For example, assessment of rhythm of fractal dimension while electric diagrams analyzing allows to make more infor­mative and accurate view on the beginning of specific illnesses. Also fractals are using for high–quality processing of  X–ray images (in the experimental way). There are designing of new methods in the gastroenterology which allows to ex­plore gastrointestinal tract organs qualitative and painlessly. Actually, there are discoveries of application of fractal methods for diagnosis and treatment of cancer.

    In the science. There are no scientific and technical areas without fractal calcu­lations nowadays. It happens due to the fact that majority of nature objects have fractal structures and dimension: coasts of the continents; natural resources alloca­tion; magnetic field anomaly; dissemination of surges and vibrations in an elastic environments; porous, solid and fungal bodies; crystals; turbulence; dynamic of complicated systems in general, etc. Fractals are useful in geology, geophysics, in the oil sciences… It’s impossible to list all the spaces of adaptability.

    Modeling of chaotic processes, particularly, in description of population models.

    In telecommunications. It’s naturally that fractals are popular in this area too. Natan Coen is person, who had started to use fractal antennas. Fractal antenna has very compact form which provides high productivity. Due to this, such antennas are used in marine and air transport, in personal devises. The theory of fractal an­tennas has become an independent, well-developed apparatus of synthesis and analysis of electric small antenna (ESA) nowadays. There are developments of possibility of fractal compression of the traffic which is transmitted through the web. The goal of this is more effective transfer of information.

    In the visual effects. The theory of fractals has penetrated area of formation of different kinds of visualizations and creation of special effects in the computer graphics soon. This theory are very useful in modeling of nature landscapes in computer games. The film industry also has not been without fractal geometry. All the special effects are based in fractal structure: mountain landscape, lava, flame, fog, large flows and the same. In the modern level of the cinema creation of the special effects is impossible without modeling of fractals.

    In the economics. The Veirshtrass’s function is famous example of stochastic fractals. Analysis of graph of the function in interactive mathematic environment Maple allows to make sure in fractal structure of function by way of entry of dif­ferent ranges of graphic visualization. In any indefinitely small area of the part graph of the function absolutely looks like area of this part in the all . The property of function is used in analysis of stock markets.

    In the architect. Notably, fractal structures have become useful in the architect more earlier than B. Mandelbrode had discovered them. S.B. Pomorov, Doctor of Architecture, Professor, member of Russian Architect Union, talks about applica­tion of fractal theory in the architect in his article. Let’s see on the part of this arti­cle:

    “Fractal structures were found in configuration of African tribal villages, in an­cient Vavilon’s ziggurats, in iconic buildings of ancient India and China, in gothic temples of ancient Russia .

    We can see the high fractal level in Malevich’s Architectons. But they were cre­ated long before emergence of the notion of fractals in the architect. People started to use fractal algorithms on the architect morphogenesis consciously after Mandel­brot’s publications. It was made possible to use fractal geometry for analyzing of architectural forms.

    Fractals had become available to the majority of specialists due to the comput­erization.  They had been incredibly attractive for architectors, designers and town planners in aesthetic, philosophical and psychological way. Fractal theory was per­ceived on emotional, sensual level in the first phase. The constant repression lead­ing to loss of sensuality.

    Application of fractal structures is effective on the microenvironment designing level: interior, household items and their elements. Fractal structures introduction allows creating a new surroundings for people with fractal properties on all levels. It corresponds to nesting spaces.

    Fractal formations are not a panacea or a new era in the architect history. But it’s a new way to design architect forms which enriches the architectural theory and practice language. The understanding of na­ture fractal impacts on architectural view of urban environment. An attempt to de­velop the method of architectural designing which will base in an in-depth fractal forms is especially interesting. Will this method base only on mathematics? Will it be different methods and features symbiosis? The practice experiments and re­searches will show us. It’s safe to say that modern fractal approach can be useful not only for analysis, but also for harmonic order and nature’s chaos, architect which may be semantic dominant in nature and historic context.”

    Computer systems. Fractal data compression is the most useful fractal applica­tion in the computer science. This kind of compression is based on the fact that it’s easy to describe the real world by fractal geometry. Nevertheless, pictures are compressed better than by other methods (like jpeg or gif). Another one advantage is that picture isn’t pixelateing while compressing. Often picture looks better after increase in fractal compressing.

    Basic concept for fractal computer graphics is “Fractal triangle”. Also there are “Fractal figure”, “Fractal object”, “Fractal line”, “Fractal composition”, “Parent object” and “Heir object”. However, it should be noted that fractal computer graphics has recently received as a kind of computer graphics of 21th century.

     The opportunities of fractal computer graphics cannot be overemphasized. It allows creating abstract compositions where we can realize a lot of moves: hori­zontal and vertical, diagonal directions, symmetry and asymmetry etc. Only a few programmers from all over the world know about fractal graphics today.  To what can we compare fractal picture? For example, with complex structure of crystal or with snowflake, the elements of which line up in the one complex composition. This property of fractal object can be useful in ornament creating or designing of decorative composition. Algorithms of synthesis of fractal rates which allows to reproduce copy of any picture too close to the original are developed today.

     

    III. Researching of computer programs of fractal construction

    Strict algorithms of fractals are really good for programming. There are a lot of computer programs which introduce fractals nowadays. Computer mathematic systems are stand out from over programs, especially, Maple. Computer mathe­matics is mathematic modeling tool. So programming represents genetic structure of fractal in these systems and we can see precise submission of fractal structure in the picture while we enter a number of iterations . This is the reason why mathematic fractals should be studied with computer mathematics.  The last dis­covery in fractal geometry has been made possible by powerful, modern com­puters. Fractal property researching is almost completely based on computer cal­culations. It allows making computer experiments which reproduce processes and phenomenon which we can’t experiment in the real world with.

    Our school has been worked with computer mathematics Maple package more than 10 years. So we have unique opportunity to experiment with mathematic fractals, thanks to that we can understand how initial values impact on outcome   (it is stochastic fractal). For example, we have understood the meaning of the fact that color is the fourth dimension: color changing leads to changing of physical char­acteristics. That is what astrophysics mean talking about “multicolored” of the Universe. While fractal constructing in interactive mathematic environment we re­ceived graphic models which was like A. D. Linde’s model of the Universe. Perhaps, it demonstrates that Universe has fractal structure.

     

    Conclusion

    Scientists and philosophers argue, can we talk about universality of fractals in recent years. There are two groups of two opposite positions. We agree with the fact that fractals are universal. Due to the fact that movement is inherent property of material also we always have fractals wherever we have movement.  

    We are convinced that fractal is genetic property of the Universe, but it is not mean that all the Universe elements to the one fractal organization. In deployment process fractal structure is undergoing a lot of fluctuations (deviations) and a lot of points of bifurcation (branching) lead grate number of fractal development varie­ties.  

    Therefore, we think that fractals are general academic method of real world re­searching. Fractals give the methodology of nature and community researching.

    In transitional, chaotic period of society development social life become harder. Different social systems clash. Ancient values are exchanged for new values literally in all spaces. So it’s vitally important for science to develop behavior strategies which allow to avoid tragic mistakes. We think that fractals play important role in developing of such technologies. And – synergy is theory of evolving systems self- organization. But evolution happens on fractal principles, as we know now.

     

    P.S.  Images - in attached files

     

    This is still a work in progress, but might be of use to anybody interested in Maxwell's Equations :-)

    Examining_Maxwells_Equations.mw

     

    Since we are getting many questions on how to create Math apps to add to the Maple Cloud. I wanted to go over the different GUI aspects of how you go about creating a Math App in Maple. The following Document also includes some code examples that are used in the the Math App but doesn't go into them in detail. For more details on the type of coding you do in a Math App see the DocumentTools package help page.

    Some of the graphical features of the Math app don't display on Maple Primes so I'd recommend downloading this worksheet from here: HowToMathApp.mw to follow along.


     

    NULL

    How to make a Math App (An example of using the Document Tools).

     

    This Document will provide a beginners guide on one way to make a Math app in Maple.

    It will contain some coding examples as well as where to find different options in the user interface.

    Step 1 Insert a Table

     

     

    • 

    When making a Math App in Maple I often start with a table. You can enter a table by going to Insert > Table...

      

     

    • 

    I often make the table 1 x 2 to start with as this gives an area for input and an area for the output (such as plots).

    NULL

     

    Add a plot component to one of the cells of the table

     

     

    • 

    From the Components  Palette you can add a Plot Component . Add it to the table by clicking and dragging it over.

     

     

    NULL

    NULL

    Add another table inside the other cell

     

     

    • 

    In the other cell of the table I'll add another table to organize my use of buttons, sliders, and other components.
    NULL

    NULL

    Add some components to the new table

     

     

    • 

    From the Components Palette I'll add a slider, or dial, or something else for interaction.

     

    • 

    You may also want a Math region for an area to enter functions and a button to tell Maple to do something with it.

     

    NULL

    NULL

    Arrange the Components to look nice

     

     

    • 

    You can change how the components are placed either by resizing the tables or changing the text orientation of the contents of the cells.

     

    NULL

    Write some code for the interaction of the buttons.

     

     

    • 

    Using the DocumentTools  package there are lots of ways you can use the components. I often will start writing my code using a code edit region  as it provides better visualization for syntax. On MaplePrimes these display as collapsed so I will also include code blocks for the code.

     

    NULL

    NULL

    Let's write something that takes the value of the slider and applies it to the dial

     

     

    • 

    Note that the names of the components will change in each section as they are copies of the previous section.

     

    with(DocumentTools):

    14

    with(DocumentTools):
    sv:=GetProperty('Slider2',value);
    SetProperty('Dial2',value,sv);
    • 

    This code will only execute when run using the  button. Change the value of the slider below then run the code above to see what happens.

     

    NULL

    NULL

    Move the code 'inside' the slider

     

     

    • 

    Instead of putting the code inside the code edit region where it needs to be executed, we'll next add the code to the value changed code of the slider.

     

    • 

    Right click the Slider then select "Edit Value Changed Code".

     

     

    • 

    This will open the code editor for the Slider

     

     

    • 

    Enter your code (ensuring you're using the correct name for the slider and dial).

     

    • 

    Notice that you don't need to use the with(DocumentTools): command as "use DocumentTools in ... end use;" is already filled in for you.

     

    • 

    Save the code in the Slider and hit the  button inside it once.

    • 

    Now move the slider.

     

    • 

    On future uses of the App you won't need to hit  as the code will be run on startup.

    ``

    NULL

    NULL

    Add some more details to your App

     

     

    • 

    Let's make this app do something a bit more interesting than change the contents of a dial when a slider moves.

     

    • 

    The plan in the next few steps is to make this app allow a user to explore parameters changing in a sinusoidal expression.

     

    • 

    I'm going to add a second Math Component, put the expression A*sin(t*theta+phi)into both then uncheck the box in the context panel that says "Editable".

     

    • 

    To make the Math containers fit nicely I'll check the Auto-fit container box and set the Minimum Width Pixels to 200.

     

    ``

    Add code to change the value of phi in the second Math Container when the Slider changes

     

     

    Note: Maple uses Radians for trigonometric functions so we should convert the value of phi to Radians.

    use DocumentTools in

     

    use DocumentTools in 
    phi_s:=GetProperty(Slider5,value);
    expr:= GetProperty(MathContainer6,expression);
    new_expr:=algsubs(phi=phi_s*Pi/180,expr);
    
    SetProperty(MathContainer7,expression,new_expr);
    end use:

    ``

    ``

    Make the Dial go from 0 to 360°

     

     

    • 

    Click the Dial and look at the options in the context panel on the right.

     

    • 

    Update the values in the Dial so that the highest position is 360 and the spacing makes sense for the app.

      NULL

    ``

    Have the Dial update the theta value of the expression

     

     

    • 

    Add the following code to the Dial

     

    use DocumentTools in
    use DocumentTools in 
    theta_d:=GetProperty(Dial7,value);
    phi_s:=GetProperty(Slider7,value); #This is added so that phi also has the value updated
    
    expr:= GetProperty(MathContainer10,expression);
    new_expr0:=algsubs(theta=theta_d*Pi/180,expr);
    new_expr:=algsubs(phi=phi_s*Pi/180,new_expr0);  #This is added so that phi also has the value updated
    
    SetProperty(MathContainer11,expression,new_expr);
    end use:
    

     

    • 

    Update the value in the slider to include the value from the dial

     

    use DocumentTools in

     

    use DocumentTools in 
    
    theta_d:=GetProperty(Dial7,value); #This is added so that theta also has the value updated
    phi_s:=GetProperty(Slider7,value); 
    
    expr:= GetProperty(MathContainer10,expression);
    new_expr0:=algsubs(theta=theta_d*Pi/180,expr); #This is added so that theta also has the value updated
    new_expr:=algsubs(phi=phi_s*Pi/180,new_expr0);  
    
    SetProperty(MathContainer11,expression,new_expr);
    
    end use:

     

    ``

    ``

    Notice that the code in the Dial and Slider are the same

     

     

    • 

    Since the code in the Dial and Slider are the same it makes sense to put the code into a procedure that can be called from multiple places.

     

    Note: The changes in the code such as local and the single quotes are not needed but make the code easier to read and less likely to run into errors if edited in the future (for example if you create a variable called dial8 it won't interfere now that the names are in quotes).

     

     

    UpdateMath:=proc() 

    UpdateMath:=proc()
    local theta_d, phi_s, expr, new_expr, new_expr0;
    use DocumentTools in 
    theta_d:=GetProperty('Dial8','value'); #Get value of theta from Dial
    phi_s:=GetProperty('Slider8','value'); #Get value of phi from slider
    
    expr:= GetProperty('MathContainer12','expression');
    new_expr0:=algsubs('theta'=theta_d*Pi/180,expr);  # Put value of theta in expression
    new_expr:=algsubs('phi'=phi_s*Pi/180,new_expr0);  # Put value of phi in expression
    SetProperty('MathContainer13','expression',new_expr); # Update expression
    end use:
    end proc:

     

    • 

    Now change the code in the components to call the function using UpdateMath().

     

    • 

    Since the code above is only defined there it will need to be run once (but only once) before moving the components. Instead of leaving it here you can add it to the Startup code by clicking  or going to Edit > Startup code.  This code will run every time you open the Math App ensuring that it works right away.

     

    • 

    The startup code isn't defined in this document to allow progression of these steps.

     

    ``

    Make the button initialize the app

     

     

    • 

    Since the startup code isn't defined in this document we are going to move this function into the button.

     

    UpdateMath:=proc()

     

    UpdateMath:=proc()
    local theta_d, phi_s, expr, new_expr, new_expr0;
    use DocumentTools in 
    theta_d:=GetProperty('Dial9','value'); #Get value of theta from Dial
    phi_s:=GetProperty('Slider9','value'); #Get value of phi from slider
    
    expr:= GetProperty('MathContainer14','expression');
    new_expr0:=algsubs('theta'=theta_d*Pi/180,expr);  # Put value of theta in expression
    new_expr:=algsubs('phi'=phi_s*Pi/180,new_expr0);  # Put value of phi in expression
    SetProperty('MathContainer15','expression',new_expr); # Update expression
    end use:
    end proc:
    • 

    First click the button to rename it, you'll see the  option in the context panel on the right. Then add the code above to the button in the same way as the Slider an Dial (Right click and select Edit Click Code).

     

    ``

    ``

    Now it is easy to add new components

     

     

    • 

    Now if we want to add new components we just have to change the one procedure.  Let's add a Volume Gauge to change the value of A.

     

    • 

    Click in the cell containing the Dial, the context panel will show the option to Insert a row below the Dial.

    • 

    Now drag a Volume Gauge into the new cell.

     

    • 

    Click in the cell and choose the alignment (from the context panel) that looks best to you. In this case I chose center:

     

    ``

     

    NULL

    ``

    Update the procedure code for the Gauge

     

     

    • 

    Add two lines for the volume gauge to get the value and sub it into the expression

    UpdateMath:=proc()

    UpdateMath:=proc()
    local theta_d, phi_s, expr, new_expr, new_expr0;
    use DocumentTools in 
    theta_d:=GetProperty('Dial11','value'); #Get value of theta from the Dial
    phi_s:=GetProperty('Slider11','value'); #Get value of phi from the Slider
    A_g:=GetProperty('VolumeGauge1','value'); #Get value of A from the Guage
    
    expr:= GetProperty('MathContainer18','expression');
    new_expr0:=algsubs('theta'=theta_d*Pi/180,expr);  # Put value of theta in expression
    new_expr1:=algsubs('phi'=phi_s*Pi/180,new_expr0);  # Put value of phi in expression
    new_expr:=algsubs('A'=A_g,new_expr1);  # Put value of A in expression
    
    SetProperty('MathContainer19','expression',new_expr); # Update expression
    end use:
    end proc:
    • 

    Now add

    UpdateMath();

      to the Gauge.

      ``

    ``

    Plot the changing expression

     

     

    • 

    Make a procedure to get the value in the second Math Container and plot it

     

    PlotMath:=proc()

    PlotMath:=proc()
    	local expr, p;
    	use DocumentTools in 
    
    	expr:=GetProperty('MathContainer21','expression'); 
    
    	p:=plot(expr,'t'=-Pi/2..Pi/2,'view'=[-Pi/2..Pi/2,-100..100]):
    
    	SetProperty('Plot14','value',p)
    	end use:
    end proc:
    • 

    Put this procedure in the Initialize button and the call to it in the components.

     

    NULL

    ``

    Tidy up the app

     

     

    • 

    Now that we have an interactive app let's tidy it up a bit.

     

    • 

    The first thing I'd recommend in your own app is moving the code from the initialize button to startup code. In this document we choose to use the button instead to preserve earlier versions.

     

    • 

    You can also remove the borders around the components by clicking in the table and selecting "Interior Borders" > "None" and "Exterior Borders" > "None" from the context panel.

    NULL

    ``

    ``

    Now you have a Math App

     

     

    • 

    You can upload your Math App to the Maple Cloud to share with others by going to "File" > "Save to Cloud".

     

    • 

    I'd recommend also including a description of what your app does. You can do this nicely using another table and Text mode.

     

     

     

    ``

    ``

    NULL

    HowToMathApp.mw

    When re-initializing a module (for example, while executing its ModuleApply), you'd likely want to re-initialize all of the remember tables and caches of its procedures. Unfortunately, forget(thismodule) (a direct self reference) doesn't work (I wonder why not?), and it doesn't even tell you that it didn't work. You could do forget(external name of module(an indirect self reference), but I consider that not robust because you'd need to change it if you change the external name. Even less robust is forget~([procedure 1, procedure 2, submodule 3, ...]). Here's something that works and is robust:

    forget~([seq(x, x= thismodule)])[]

    Or, using Maple 2019 or later syntax,

    forget~([for local x in thismodule do x od])[]

    Both of these handle submodules and ignore non-procedures. Both handle both locals and exports.

    There is an interesting preprint here, on a method for integration of some pseudo-elliptic integrals.

    It was mentioned in a (sci.math.symbolic) usenet thread, which can be accessed via Google Groups here.

    Inside the paper, the author mentions that the following is possible for some cases -- to first convert to RootOf form.

    restart;

    kernelopts(version);

    `Maple 2020.0, X86 64 LINUX, Mar 4 2020, Build ID 1455132`

    ig:=((-3+x^2)*(1-6*x^2+x^4)^(-1/4))/(-1+x^2);

    (x^2-3)/((x^4-6*x^2+1)^(1/4)*(x^2-1))

    int(ig,x);

    int((x^2-3)/((x^4-6*x^2+1)^(1/4)*(x^2-1)), x)

    infolevel[int] := 2:

    S:=simplify([allvalues(int(convert(ig,RootOf),x))],size):

    Stage1: first-stage indefinite integration

    Stage2: second-stage indefinite integration

    Norman: enter Risch-Norman integrator

    Norman: exit Risch-Norman integrator

    int/algrisch/int: Risch/Trager's algorithm for algebraic function

    int/algrisch/int: entering integrator at time 9.029

    int/algrisch/int: function field has degree 4

    int/algrisch/int: computation of an integral basis: start time 9.031

    int/algrisch/int: computation of an integral basis: end time 9.038

    int/algrisch/int: normalization at infinity: start time 9.039

    int/algrisch/int: normalization at infinity: end time 9.048

    int/algrisch/int: genus of the function field 3

    int/algrisch/int: computation of the algebraic part: start time 9.059

    int/algrisch/int: computation of the algebraic part: end time 9.060

    int/algrisch/int: computation of the transcendental part: start time 9.063

    int/algrisch/transcpar: computing a basis for the residues at time 9.068

    int/algrisch/residues: computing a splitting field at time 9.068

    int/algrisch/transcpar: basis for the residues computed at time 9.103

    int/algrisch/transcpar: dimension is 2

    int/algrisch/transcpar: building divisors at time 9.300

    int/algrisch/transcpar: testing divisors for principality at time 9.605

    int/algrisch/goodprime: searching for a good prime at time 9.606

    int/algrisch/goodprime: good prime found at time 9.704

    int/algrisch/goodprime: searching for a good prime at time 9.704

    int/algrisch/goodprime: good prime found at time 9.762

    int/algrisch/areprinc: the divisor is principal: time 10.084

    int/algrisch/areprinc: the divisor is principal: time 11.833

    int/algrisch/transcpar: divisors proven pincipal at time at time 11.833

    int/algrisch/transcpar: generators computed at time 11.834

    int/algrisch/transcpar: orders are [1 1]

    int/algrisch/transcpar: check that the candidate is an actual antiderivative

    int/algrisch/transcpar: the antiderivative is elementary

    int/algrisch/transcpar: antiderivative is (1/2)*ln((RootOf(_Z^4*_z^4-_z^4+6*_z^2-1 index = 1)^3*_z^3-RootOf(_Z^4*_z^4-_z^4+6*_z^2-1 index = 1)^2*_z^4+RootOf(_Z^4*_z^4-_z^4+6*_z^2-1 index = 1)^2*_z^2-3*_z^3*RootOf(_Z^4*_z^4-_z^4+6*_z^2-1 index = 1)+RootOf(_Z^4*_z^4-_z^4+6*_z^2-1 index = 1)*_z-5*_z^2+1)/((_z+1)*(_z-1)*_z^2))+(1/2)*RootOf(_Z^2+1)*ln((RootOf(_Z^4*_z^4-_z^4+6*_z^2-1 index = 1)^2*RootOf(_Z^2+1)*_z^4+RootOf(_Z^4*_z^4-_z^4+6*_z^2-1 index = 1)^3*_z^3-RootOf(_Z^2+1)*RootOf(_Z^4*_z^4-_z^4+6*_z^2-1 index = 1)^2*_z^2+3*_z^3*RootOf(_Z^4*_z^4-_z^4+6*_z^2-1 index = 1)-5*RootOf(_Z^2+1)*_z^2-RootOf(_Z^4*_z^4-_z^4+6*_z^2-1 index = 1)*_z+RootOf(_Z^2+1))/((_z+1)*(_z-1)*_z^2))

    int/algrisch/int: computation of the transcendental part: end time 12.040

    int/algrisch/int: exiting integrator for algebraic functions at time 12.041

    S[1];

    (1/2)*ln(-((x^4-6*x^2+1)^(3/4)*x+(x^4-6*x^2+1)^(1/2)*x^2+(x^4-6*x^2+1)^(1/4)*x^3+x^4-(x^4-6*x^2+1)^(1/2)-3*(x^4-6*x^2+1)^(1/4)*x-5*x^2)/((x+1)*(x-1)))+((1/2)*I)*ln((-(x^4-6*x^2+1)^(3/4)*x+(I*x^2-I)*(x^4-6*x^2+1)^(1/2)+(x^3-3*x)*(x^4-6*x^2+1)^(1/4)-I*x^2*(x^2-5))/((x+1)*(x-1)))

    S[2];

    (1/2)*ln(-((x^4-6*x^2+1)^(3/4)*x+(x^4-6*x^2+1)^(1/2)*x^2+(x^4-6*x^2+1)^(1/4)*x^3+x^4-(x^4-6*x^2+1)^(1/2)-3*(x^4-6*x^2+1)^(1/4)*x-5*x^2)/((x+1)*(x-1)))-((1/2)*I)*ln((-(x^4-6*x^2+1)^(3/4)*x+(-I*x^2+I)*(x^4-6*x^2+1)^(1/2)+(x^3-3*x)*(x^4-6*x^2+1)^(1/4)+I*x^2*(x^2-5))/((x+1)*(x-1)))

    simplify( diff(S[1],x) - ig ), simplify( diff(S[2],x) - ig );

    0, 0

     

    Download int_pe.mw

    I’m extremely pleased to introduce the newest update to the Maple Companion. In this time of wide-spread remote learning, tools like the Maple Companion are more important than ever, and I’m happy that our efforts are helping students (and some of their parents!) with at least one small aspect of their life.  Since we’ve added a lot of useful features since I last posted about this free mobile app, I wanted to share the ones I’m most excited about. 

    (If you haven’t heard about the Maple Companion app, you can read more about it here.) 

    If you use the app primarily to move math into Maple, you’ll be happy to hear that the automatic camera focus has gotten much better over the last couple of updates, and with this latest update, you can now turn on the flash if you need it. For me, these changes have virtually eliminated the need to fiddle with the camera to bring the math in focus, which sometimes happened in earlier versions.

    If you use the app to get answers on your phone, that’s gotten much better, too. You can now see plots instantly as you enter your expression in the editor, and watch how the plot changes as you change the expression. You can also get results to many numerical problems results immediately, without having to switch to the results screen. This “calculator mode” is available even if you aren’t connected to the internet.  Okay, so there aren’t a lot of students doing their homework on the bus right now, but someday!

    Speaking of plots, you can also now view plots full-screen, so you can see more of plot at once without zooming and panning, squinting, or buying a bigger phone.

    Finally, if English is not you or your students’ first language, note that the app was recently made available in Spanish, French, German, Russian, Danish, Japanese, and Simplified Chinese. 

    As always, we’d love you hear your feedback and suggestions. Please leave a comment, or use the feedback forms in the app or our web site.

    Visit Maple Companion to learn more, find links to the app stores so you can download the app, and access the feedback form. If you already have it installed, you can get the new release simply by updating the app on your phone.


     

    Something a while ago made me wonder if people were interpretting the results of flattening the covid19 curve wrong.  Log graphs are good way to display a wide range of data in a compact way, but if you can't interpret it properly then you might as well think apples are oranges.  There was something someone said not to long ago that I didn't believe.  That person was Dr. Fauci, an American physician and immunologist who served as the director of the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases since 1984.  On April 9, 2020 he said, on the final death toll of the U.S. for Coronavirus, and I quote "looks more like 60,000 than the 100,000 to 200,000" U.S. officials had previously estimated ...  Back then I thought he was wrong, and actually now, he is wrong.

     

    Some people just don't understand log graphs and I believe a lot of people are misinterpretting them.  Take a linear graph increasing in time and put it on a log scale and you naturally get a "flattening" curve without even doing anything.  But let's see what Dr. Fauci was seeing, and how he and likely many others, are misinterpretting the graphs.

     

    Taking data from Worldometers.info/coronavirus we gather the total deaths

    ``

    USTotaldeathsdates := ["Feb 15", "Feb 16", "Feb 17", "Feb 18", "Feb 19", "Feb 20", "Feb 21", "Feb 22", "Feb 23", "Feb 24", "Feb 25", "Feb 26", "Feb 27", "Feb 28", "Feb 29", "Mar 01", "Mar 02", "Mar 03", "Mar 04", "Mar 05", "Mar 06", "Mar 07", "Mar 08", "Mar 09", "Mar 10", "Mar 11", "Mar 12", "Mar 13", "Mar 14", "Mar 15", "Mar 16", "Mar 17", "Mar 18", "Mar 19", "Mar 20", "Mar 21", "Mar 22", "Mar 23", "Mar 24", "Mar 25", "Mar 26", "Mar 27", "Mar 28", "Mar 29", "Mar 30", "Mar 31", "Apr 01", "Apr 02", "Apr 03", "Apr 04", "Apr 05", "Apr 06", "Apr 07", "Apr 08", "Apr 09", "Apr 10", "Apr 11", "Apr 12", "Apr 13", "Apr 14", "Apr 15", "Apr 16", "Apr 17", "Apr 18", "Apr 19", "Apr 20", "Apr 21", "Apr 22", "Apr 23", "Apr 24", "Apr 25", "Apr 26", "Apr 27", "Apr 28", "Apr 29", "Apr 30", "May 01"]:

    USTotalDeaths := [0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 6, 9, 11, 12, 15, 19, 22, 26, 30, 38, 41, 48, 58, 73, 95, 121, 171, 239, 309, 374, 509, 689, 957, 1260, 1614, 2110, 2754, 3251, 4066, 5151, 6394, 7576, 8839, 10384, 11793, 13298, 15526, 17691, 19802, 22038, 24062, 25789, 27515, 30081, 32712, 34905, 37448, 39331, 40901, 42853, 45536, 47894, 50234, 52191, 54256, 55412, 56795, 59265, 61655, 63856, 65753]:

    ``

    We will graph the data from when there were more than 100 deaths and up until April 9th when he made his prediction.

    ListTools:-Search("Apr 09", USTotaldeathsdates)

    55

    (1)

    ListTools:-Search(121, USTotalDeaths)

    32

    (2)

    with(plots):

    a := plots:-listplot(USTotalDeaths[32 .. 55], axis[2] = [mode = log], tickmarks = [[seq(i-31 = USTotaldeathsdates[i], i = 32 .. 55)], [100 = "100", 1000 = "1K", 10000 = "10K", 100000 = "100K", 1000000 = "1M"]], view = [default, 100 .. 1000000], color = "#FF9900", thickness = 6, labels = ["", "Total Coronavirus Deaths"], labeldirections = [default, vertical])

    PLOT(CURVES(Matrix(24, 2, {(1, 1) = 1.0, (1, 2) = 121.0, (2, 1) = 2.0, (2, 2) = 171.0, (3, 1) = 3.0, (3, 2) = 239.0, (4, 1) = 4.0, (4, 2) = 309.0, (5, 1) = 5.0, (5, 2) = 374.0, (6, 1) = 6.0, (6, 2) = 509.0, (7, 1) = 7.0, (7, 2) = 689.0, (8, 1) = 8.0, (8, 2) = 957.0, (9, 1) = 9.0, (9, 2) = 1260.0, (10, 1) = 10.0, (10, 2) = 1614.0, (11, 1) = 11.0, (11, 2) = 2110.0, (12, 1) = 12.0, (12, 2) = 2754.0, (13, 1) = 13.0, (13, 2) = 3251.0, (14, 1) = 14.0, (14, 2) = 4066.0, (15, 1) = 15.0, (15, 2) = 5151.0, (16, 1) = 16.0, (16, 2) = 6394.0, (17, 1) = 17.0, (17, 2) = 7576.0, (18, 1) = 18.0, (18, 2) = 8839.0, (19, 1) = 19.0, (19, 2) = 10384.0, (20, 1) = 20.0, (20, 2) = 11793.0, (21, 1) = 21.0, (21, 2) = 13298.0, (22, 1) = 22.0, (22, 2) = 15526.0, (23, 1) = 23.0, (23, 2) = 17691.0, (24, 1) = 24.0, (24, 2) = 19802.0}, datatype = float[8])), COLOUR(RGB, 1.00000000, .60000000, 0.), THICKNESS(6), _AXIS[2](_MODE(1)), AXESTICKS([1 = "Mar 17", 2 = "Mar 18", 3 = "Mar 19", 4 = "Mar 20", 5 = "Mar 21", 6 = "Mar 22", 7 = "Mar 23", 8 = "Mar 24", 9 = "Mar 25", 10 = "Mar 26", 11 = "Mar 27", 12 = "Mar 28", 13 = "Mar 29", 14 = "Mar 30", 15 = "Mar 31", 16 = "Apr 01", 17 = "Apr 02", 18 = "Apr 03", 19 = "Apr 04", 20 = "Apr 05", 21 = "Apr 06", 22 = "Apr 07", 23 = "Apr 08", 24 = "Apr 09"], [100 = "100", 1000 = "1K", 10000 = "10K", 100000 = "100K", 1000000 = "1M"]), AXESLABELS("", "Total Coronavirus Deaths", FONT(DEFAULT), DEFAULT, VERTICAL), VIEW(DEFAULT, 100 .. 1000000))

    (3)

    b := plot([1000, 10000, 100000, 1000000], x = 0 .. 30, color = "#E6E6E6", thickness = 0):

    ``

    NULL

     

    plots:-display(a, b, title = "Total Deaths \n (Logarithmic scale)\n", titlefont = ["Helvetica", 18], size = [681, 400])

     

    Just by looking at the graph you  can imagine Dr. Fauci saying look at that graph starting to level off and he would extrapolate an imaginary line that could if you wanted to level off around where he said 60,000.  And that's the confusion people have with these log graphs - people misinterpret them.  

    Here's what it looks like today

    a2 := plots:-listplot(USTotalDeaths[32 .. ()], axis[2] = [mode = log], tickmarks = [[seq(i-31 = USTotaldeathsdates[i], i = 32 .. nops(USTotaldeathsdates))], [100 = "100", 1000 = "1K", 10000 = "10K", 100000 = "100K", 1000000 = "1M"]], view = [default, 100 .. 1000000], color = "#FF9900", thickness = 6, labels = ["", "Total Coronavirus Deaths"], labeldirections = [default, vertical])

    PLOT(CURVES(Matrix(46, 2, {(1, 1) = 1.0, (1, 2) = 121.0, (2, 1) = 2.0, (2, 2) = 171.0, (3, 1) = 3.0, (3, 2) = 239.0, (4, 1) = 4.0, (4, 2) = 309.0, (5, 1) = 5.0, (5, 2) = 374.0, (6, 1) = 6.0, (6, 2) = 509.0, (7, 1) = 7.0, (7, 2) = 689.0, (8, 1) = 8.0, (8, 2) = 957.0, (9, 1) = 9.0, (9, 2) = 1260.0, (10, 1) = 10.0, (10, 2) = 1614.0, (11, 1) = 11.0, (11, 2) = 2110.0, (12, 1) = 12.0, (12, 2) = 2754.0, (13, 1) = 13.0, (13, 2) = 3251.0, (14, 1) = 14.0, (14, 2) = 4066.0, (15, 1) = 15.0, (15, 2) = 5151.0, (16, 1) = 16.0, (16, 2) = 6394.0, (17, 1) = 17.0, (17, 2) = 7576.0, (18, 1) = 18.0, (18, 2) = 8839.0, (19, 1) = 19.0, (19, 2) = 10384.0, (20, 1) = 20.0, (20, 2) = 11793.0, (21, 1) = 21.0, (21, 2) = 13298.0, (22, 1) = 22.0, (22, 2) = 15526.0, (23, 1) = 23.0, (23, 2) = 17691.0, (24, 1) = 24.0, (24, 2) = 19802.0, (25, 1) = 25.0, (25, 2) = 22038.0, (26, 1) = 26.0, (26, 2) = 24062.0, (27, 1) = 27.0, (27, 2) = 25789.0, (28, 1) = 28.0, (28, 2) = 27515.0, (29, 1) = 29.0, (29, 2) = 30081.0, (30, 1) = 30.0, (30, 2) = 32712.0, (31, 1) = 31.0, (31, 2) = 34905.0, (32, 1) = 32.0, (32, 2) = 37448.0, (33, 1) = 33.0, (33, 2) = 39331.0, (34, 1) = 34.0, (34, 2) = 40901.0, (35, 1) = 35.0, (35, 2) = 42853.0, (36, 1) = 36.0, (36, 2) = 45536.0, (37, 1) = 37.0, (37, 2) = 47894.0, (38, 1) = 38.0, (38, 2) = 50234.0, (39, 1) = 39.0, (39, 2) = 52191.0, (40, 1) = 40.0, (40, 2) = 54256.0, (41, 1) = 41.0, (41, 2) = 55412.0, (42, 1) = 42.0, (42, 2) = 56795.0, (43, 1) = 43.0, (43, 2) = 59265.0, (44, 1) = 44.0, (44, 2) = 61655.0, (45, 1) = 45.0, (45, 2) = 63856.0, (46, 1) = 46.0, (46, 2) = 65753.0}, datatype = float[8])), COLOUR(RGB, 1.00000000, .60000000, 0.), THICKNESS(6), _AXIS[2](_MODE(1)), AXESTICKS([1 = "Mar 17", 2 = "Mar 18", 3 = "Mar 19", 4 = "Mar 20", 5 = "Mar 21", 6 = "Mar 22", 7 = "Mar 23", 8 = "Mar 24", 9 = "Mar 25", 10 = "Mar 26", 11 = "Mar 27", 12 = "Mar 28", 13 = "Mar 29", 14 = "Mar 30", 15 = "Mar 31", 16 = "Apr 01", 17 = "Apr 02", 18 = "Apr 03", 19 = "Apr 04", 20 = "Apr 05", 21 = "Apr 06", 22 = "Apr 07", 23 = "Apr 08", 24 = "Apr 09", 25 = "Apr 10", 26 = "Apr 11", 27 = "Apr 12", 28 = "Apr 13", 29 = "Apr 14", 30 = "Apr 15", 31 = "Apr 16", 32 = "Apr 17", 33 = "Apr 18", 34 = "Apr 19", 35 = "Apr 20", 36 = "Apr 21", 37 = "Apr 22", 38 = "Apr 23", 39 = "Apr 24", 40 = "Apr 25", 41 = "Apr 26", 42 = "Apr 27", 43 = "Apr 28", 44 = "Apr 29", 45 = "Apr 30", 46 = "May 01"], [100 = "100", 1000 = "1K", 10000 = "10K", 100000 = "100K", 1000000 = "1M"]), AXESLABELS("", "Total Coronavirus Deaths", FONT(DEFAULT), DEFAULT, VERTICAL), VIEW(DEFAULT, 100 .. 1000000))

    (4)

    b2 := plot([1000, 10000, 100000, 1000000], x = 0 .. 60, color = "#E6E6E6", thickness = 0)

    PLOT(CURVES(Matrix(200, 2, {(1, 1) = .0, (1, 2) = 1000.0, (2, 1) = .3154563015075377, (2, 2) = 1000.0, (3, 1) = .5899331427135678, (3, 2) = 1000.0, (4, 1) = .8986110572864321, (4, 2) = 1000.0, (5, 1) = 1.2093350894472361, (5, 2) = 1000.0, (6, 1) = 1.5185823045226128, (6, 2) = 1000.0, (7, 1) = 1.8052940592964821, (7, 2) = 1000.0, (8, 1) = 2.102167474371859, (8, 2) = 1000.0, (9, 1) = 2.409194384924623, (9, 2) = 1000.0, (10, 1) = 2.7152366562814065, (10, 2) = 1000.0, (11, 1) = 3.0300387497487438, (11, 2) = 1000.0, (12, 1) = 3.3073166050251253, (12, 2) = 1000.0, (13, 1) = 3.6194657969849247, (13, 2) = 1000.0, (14, 1) = 3.9328967035175877, (14, 2) = 1000.0, (15, 1) = 4.234945459296482, (15, 2) = 1000.0, (16, 1) = 4.509234666331658, (16, 2) = 1000.0, (17, 1) = 4.835391063316583, (17, 2) = 1000.0, (18, 1) = 5.111688313567838, (18, 2) = 1000.0, (19, 1) = 5.433087699497487, (19, 2) = 1000.0, (20, 1) = 5.717580615075376, (20, 2) = 1000.0, (21, 1) = 6.029714433165829, (21, 2) = 1000.0, (22, 1) = 6.32693964120603, (22, 2) = 1000.0, (23, 1) = 6.63706296482412, (23, 2) = 1000.0, (24, 1) = 6.9218529859296485, (24, 2) = 1000.0, (25, 1) = 7.229037497487436, (25, 2) = 1000.0, (26, 1) = 7.548115872361809, (26, 2) = 1000.0, (27, 1) = 7.825874535678391, (27, 2) = 1000.0, (28, 1) = 8.125861501507536, (28, 2) = 1000.0, (29, 1) = 8.435777390954772, (29, 2) = 1000.0, (30, 1) = 8.738969626130652, (30, 2) = 1000.0, (31, 1) = 9.032323703517587, (31, 2) = 1000.0, (32, 1) = 9.358043390954773, (32, 2) = 1000.0, (33, 1) = 9.650717017085425, (33, 2) = 1000.0, (34, 1) = 9.963208582914572, (34, 2) = 1000.0, (35, 1) = 10.246372386934672, (35, 2) = 1000.0, (36, 1) = 10.555945218090452, (36, 2) = 1000.0, (37, 1) = 10.847229126633163, (37, 2) = 1000.0, (38, 1) = 11.151704740703517, (38, 2) = 1000.0, (39, 1) = 11.449385306532662, (39, 2) = 1000.0, (40, 1) = 11.761029271356783, (40, 2) = 1000.0, (41, 1) = 12.06117944924623, (41, 2) = 1000.0, (42, 1) = 12.368126357788944, (42, 2) = 1000.0, (43, 1) = 12.672531590954774, (43, 2) = 1000.0, (44, 1) = 12.952248385929648, (44, 2) = 1000.0, (45, 1) = 13.272835398994975, (45, 2) = 1000.0, (46, 1) = 13.55957224522613, (46, 2) = 1000.0, (47, 1) = 13.865293528643216, (47, 2) = 1000.0, (48, 1) = 14.157907806030149, (48, 2) = 1000.0, (49, 1) = 14.482818355778894, (49, 2) = 1000.0, (50, 1) = 14.76416701809045, (50, 2) = 1000.0, (51, 1) = 15.083500266331658, (51, 2) = 1000.0, (52, 1) = 15.374537855276381, (52, 2) = 1000.0, (53, 1) = 15.69288723919598, (53, 2) = 1000.0, (54, 1) = 15.967568918592962, (54, 2) = 1000.0, (55, 1) = 16.28039928844221, (55, 2) = 1000.0, (56, 1) = 16.582577981909548, (56, 2) = 1000.0, (57, 1) = 16.88455926934673, (57, 2) = 1000.0, (58, 1) = 17.18542962211055, (58, 2) = 1000.0, (59, 1) = 17.474471840201005, (59, 2) = 1000.0, (60, 1) = 17.786934132663315, (60, 2) = 1000.0, (61, 1) = 18.084733353768844, (61, 2) = 1000.0, (62, 1) = 18.398153011055275, (62, 2) = 1000.0, (63, 1) = 18.681873274371856, (63, 2) = 1000.0, (64, 1) = 18.995437278391957, (64, 2) = 1000.0, (65, 1) = 19.295776953768843, (65, 2) = 1000.0, (66, 1) = 19.595385593969848, (66, 2) = 1000.0, (67, 1) = 19.908327979899497, (67, 2) = 1000.0, (68, 1) = 20.19655934170854, (68, 2) = 1000.0, (69, 1) = 20.491747682412058, (69, 2) = 1000.0, (70, 1) = 20.817670685427135, (70, 2) = 1000.0, (71, 1) = 21.112767268341706, (71, 2) = 1000.0, (72, 1) = 21.414558798994975, (72, 2) = 1000.0, (73, 1) = 21.7214730120603, (73, 2) = 1000.0, (74, 1) = 22.003586897487438, (74, 2) = 1000.0, (75, 1) = 22.304311163819094, (75, 2) = 1000.0, (76, 1) = 22.602746297487435, (76, 2) = 1000.0, (77, 1) = 22.92197912562814, (77, 2) = 1000.0, (78, 1) = 23.20368826733668, (78, 2) = 1000.0, (79, 1) = 23.528722136683413, (79, 2) = 1000.0, (80, 1) = 23.822040144723616, (80, 2) = 1000.0, (81, 1) = 24.112262981909545, (81, 2) = 1000.0, (82, 1) = 24.42434576683417, (82, 2) = 1000.0, (83, 1) = 24.73769099095477, (83, 2) = 1000.0, (84, 1) = 25.022788748743714, (84, 2) = 1000.0, (85, 1) = 25.325549903517587, (85, 2) = 1000.0, (86, 1) = 25.6210152, (86, 2) = 1000.0, (87, 1) = 25.94130269849246, (87, 2) = 1000.0, (88, 1) = 26.21844043417085, (88, 2) = 1000.0, (89, 1) = 26.536743198994973, (89, 2) = 1000.0, (90, 1) = 26.835964531658288, (90, 2) = 1000.0, (91, 1) = 27.13229571256281, (91, 2) = 1000.0, (92, 1) = 27.428862627135675, (92, 2) = 1000.0, (93, 1) = 27.73134210753769, (93, 2) = 1000.0, (94, 1) = 28.05196528944723, (94, 2) = 1000.0, (95, 1) = 28.345945350753766, (95, 2) = 1000.0, (96, 1) = 28.636141420100497, (96, 2) = 1000.0, (97, 1) = 28.946356242211053, (97, 2) = 1000.0, (98, 1) = 29.255895753768844, (98, 2) = 1000.0, (99, 1) = 29.53372584723618, (99, 2) = 1000.0, (100, 1) = 29.862835628140704, (100, 2) = 1000.0, (101, 1) = 30.138219431155775, (101, 2) = 1000.0, (102, 1) = 30.46031172060301, (102, 2) = 1000.0, (103, 1) = 30.767717608040197, (103, 2) = 1000.0, (104, 1) = 31.042194449246228, (104, 2) = 1000.0, (105, 1) = 31.350872363819093, (105, 2) = 1000.0, (106, 1) = 31.661596395979895, (106, 2) = 1000.0, (107, 1) = 31.970843611055276, (107, 2) = 1000.0, (108, 1) = 32.25755536582914, (108, 2) = 1000.0, (109, 1) = 32.55442878090452, (109, 2) = 1000.0, (110, 1) = 32.86145569145728, (110, 2) = 1000.0, (111, 1) = 33.16749796281407, (111, 2) = 1000.0, (112, 1) = 33.4823000562814, (112, 2) = 1000.0, (113, 1) = 33.759577911557784, (113, 2) = 1000.0, (114, 1) = 34.07172710351758, (114, 2) = 1000.0, (115, 1) = 34.38515801005025, (115, 2) = 1000.0, (116, 1) = 34.687206765829146, (116, 2) = 1000.0, (117, 1) = 34.96149597286432, (117, 2) = 1000.0, (118, 1) = 35.28765236984924, (118, 2) = 1000.0, (119, 1) = 35.563949620100495, (119, 2) = 1000.0, (120, 1) = 35.88534900603015, (120, 2) = 1000.0, (121, 1) = 36.16984192160804, (121, 2) = 1000.0, (122, 1) = 36.48197573969849, (122, 2) = 1000.0, (123, 1) = 36.77920094773869, (123, 2) = 1000.0, (124, 1) = 37.08932427135678, (124, 2) = 1000.0, (125, 1) = 37.37411429246231, (125, 2) = 1000.0, (126, 1) = 37.6812988040201, (126, 2) = 1000.0, (127, 1) = 38.00037717889447, (127, 2) = 1000.0, (128, 1) = 38.27813584221106, (128, 2) = 1000.0, (129, 1) = 38.5781228080402, (129, 2) = 1000.0, (130, 1) = 38.88803869748743, (130, 2) = 1000.0, (131, 1) = 39.191230932663316, (131, 2) = 1000.0, (132, 1) = 39.484585010050246, (132, 2) = 1000.0, (133, 1) = 39.81030469748743, (133, 2) = 1000.0, (134, 1) = 40.10297832361809, (134, 2) = 1000.0, (135, 1) = 40.41546988944723, (135, 2) = 1000.0, (136, 1) = 40.69863369346733, (136, 2) = 1000.0, (137, 1) = 41.008206524623105, (137, 2) = 1000.0, (138, 1) = 41.29949043316583, (138, 2) = 1000.0, (139, 1) = 41.60396604723618, (139, 2) = 1000.0, (140, 1) = 41.90164661306532, (140, 2) = 1000.0, (141, 1) = 42.213290577889445, (141, 2) = 1000.0, (142, 1) = 42.51344075577889, (142, 2) = 1000.0, (143, 1) = 42.8203876643216, (143, 2) = 1000.0, (144, 1) = 43.12479289748743, (144, 2) = 1000.0, (145, 1) = 43.404509692462305, (145, 2) = 1000.0, (146, 1) = 43.72509670552763, (146, 2) = 1000.0, (147, 1) = 44.01183355175879, (147, 2) = 1000.0, (148, 1) = 44.31755483517587, (148, 2) = 1000.0, (149, 1) = 44.610169112562815, (149, 2) = 1000.0, (150, 1) = 44.93507966231155, (150, 2) = 1000.0, (151, 1) = 45.21642832462311, (151, 2) = 1000.0, (152, 1) = 45.53576157286432, (152, 2) = 1000.0, (153, 1) = 45.826799161809035, (153, 2) = 1000.0, (154, 1) = 46.14514854572864, (154, 2) = 1000.0, (155, 1) = 46.41983022512562, (155, 2) = 1000.0, (156, 1) = 46.73266059497487, (156, 2) = 1000.0, (157, 1) = 47.03483928844221, (157, 2) = 1000.0, (158, 1) = 47.33682057587939, (158, 2) = 1000.0, (159, 1) = 47.63769092864321, (159, 2) = 1000.0, (160, 1) = 47.92673314673367, (160, 2) = 1000.0, (161, 1) = 48.23919543919598, (161, 2) = 1000.0, (162, 1) = 48.5369946603015, (162, 2) = 1000.0, (163, 1) = 48.85041431758794, (163, 2) = 1000.0, (164, 1) = 49.134134580904515, (164, 2) = 1000.0, (165, 1) = 49.447698584924616, (165, 2) = 1000.0, (166, 1) = 49.748038260301506, (166, 2) = 1000.0, (167, 1) = 50.047646900502514, (167, 2) = 1000.0, (168, 1) = 50.36058928643215, (168, 2) = 1000.0, (169, 1) = 50.6488206482412, (169, 2) = 1000.0, (170, 1) = 50.94400898894472, (170, 2) = 1000.0, (171, 1) = 51.26993199195979, (171, 2) = 1000.0, (172, 1) = 51.56502857487437, (172, 2) = 1000.0, (173, 1) = 51.86682010552764, (173, 2) = 1000.0, (174, 1) = 52.17373431859296, (174, 2) = 1000.0, (175, 1) = 52.4558482040201, (175, 2) = 1000.0, (176, 1) = 52.756572470351756, (176, 2) = 1000.0, (177, 1) = 53.0550076040201, (177, 2) = 1000.0, (178, 1) = 53.374240432160796, (178, 2) = 1000.0, (179, 1) = 53.65594957386934, (179, 2) = 1000.0, (180, 1) = 53.980983443216076, (180, 2) = 1000.0, (181, 1) = 54.27430145125628, (181, 2) = 1000.0, (182, 1) = 54.56452428844221, (182, 2) = 1000.0, (183, 1) = 54.876607073366834, (183, 2) = 1000.0, (184, 1) = 55.18995229748743, (184, 2) = 1000.0, (185, 1) = 55.47505005527638, (185, 2) = 1000.0, (186, 1) = 55.777811210050245, (186, 2) = 1000.0, (187, 1) = 56.07327650653266, (187, 2) = 1000.0, (188, 1) = 56.39356400502512, (188, 2) = 1000.0, (189, 1) = 56.67070174070351, (189, 2) = 1000.0, (190, 1) = 56.98900450552763, (190, 2) = 1000.0, (191, 1) = 57.288225838190954, (191, 2) = 1000.0, (192, 1) = 57.58455701909548, (192, 2) = 1000.0, (193, 1) = 57.881123933668334, (193, 2) = 1000.0, (194, 1) = 58.18360341407034, (194, 2) = 1000.0, (195, 1) = 58.504226595979894, (195, 2) = 1000.0, (196, 1) = 58.79820665728643, (196, 2) = 1000.0, (197, 1) = 59.08840272663316, (197, 2) = 1000.0, (198, 1) = 59.398617548743715, (198, 2) = 1000.0, (199, 1) = 59.708157060301495, (199, 2) = 1000.0, (200, 1) = 60.0, (200, 2) = 1000.0}, datatype = float[8])), CURVES(Matrix(200, 2, {(1, 1) = .0, (1, 2) = 10000.0, (2, 1) = .3154563015075377, (2, 2) = 10000.0, (3, 1) = .5899331427135678, (3, 2) = 10000.0, (4, 1) = .8986110572864321, (4, 2) = 10000.0, (5, 1) = 1.2093350894472361, (5, 2) = 10000.0, (6, 1) = 1.5185823045226128, (6, 2) = 10000.0, (7, 1) = 1.8052940592964821, (7, 2) = 10000.0, (8, 1) = 2.102167474371859, (8, 2) = 10000.0, (9, 1) = 2.409194384924623, (9, 2) = 10000.0, (10, 1) = 2.7152366562814065, (10, 2) = 10000.0, (11, 1) = 3.0300387497487438, (11, 2) = 10000.0, (12, 1) = 3.3073166050251253, (12, 2) = 10000.0, (13, 1) = 3.6194657969849247, (13, 2) = 10000.0, (14, 1) = 3.9328967035175877, (14, 2) = 10000.0, (15, 1) = 4.234945459296482, (15, 2) = 10000.0, (16, 1) = 4.509234666331658, (16, 2) = 10000.0, (17, 1) = 4.835391063316583, (17, 2) = 10000.0, (18, 1) = 5.111688313567838, (18, 2) = 10000.0, (19, 1) = 5.433087699497487, (19, 2) = 10000.0, (20, 1) = 5.717580615075376, (20, 2) = 10000.0, (21, 1) = 6.029714433165829, (21, 2) = 10000.0, (22, 1) = 6.32693964120603, (22, 2) = 10000.0, (23, 1) = 6.63706296482412, (23, 2) = 10000.0, (24, 1) = 6.9218529859296485, (24, 2) = 10000.0, (25, 1) = 7.229037497487436, (25, 2) = 10000.0, (26, 1) = 7.548115872361809, (26, 2) = 10000.0, (27, 1) = 7.825874535678391, (27, 2) = 10000.0, (28, 1) = 8.125861501507536, (28, 2) = 10000.0, (29, 1) = 8.435777390954772, (29, 2) = 10000.0, (30, 1) = 8.738969626130652, (30, 2) = 10000.0, (31, 1) = 9.032323703517587, (31, 2) = 10000.0, (32, 1) = 9.358043390954773, (32, 2) = 10000.0, (33, 1) = 9.650717017085425, (33, 2) = 10000.0, (34, 1) = 9.963208582914572, (34, 2) = 10000.0, (35, 1) = 10.246372386934672, (35, 2) = 10000.0, (36, 1) = 10.555945218090452, (36, 2) = 10000.0, (37, 1) = 10.847229126633163, (37, 2) = 10000.0, (38, 1) = 11.151704740703517, (38, 2) = 10000.0, (39, 1) = 11.449385306532662, (39, 2) = 10000.0, (40, 1) = 11.761029271356783, (40, 2) = 10000.0, (41, 1) = 12.06117944924623, (41, 2) = 10000.0, (42, 1) = 12.368126357788944, (42, 2) = 10000.0, (43, 1) = 12.672531590954774, (43, 2) = 10000.0, (44, 1) = 12.952248385929648, (44, 2) = 10000.0, (45, 1) = 13.272835398994975, (45, 2) = 10000.0, (46, 1) = 13.55957224522613, (46, 2) = 10000.0, (47, 1) = 13.865293528643216, (47, 2) = 10000.0, (48, 1) = 14.157907806030149, (48, 2) = 10000.0, (49, 1) = 14.482818355778894, (49, 2) = 10000.0, (50, 1) = 14.76416701809045, (50, 2) = 10000.0, (51, 1) = 15.083500266331658, (51, 2) = 10000.0, (52, 1) = 15.374537855276381, (52, 2) = 10000.0, (53, 1) = 15.69288723919598, (53, 2) = 10000.0, (54, 1) = 15.967568918592962, (54, 2) = 10000.0, (55, 1) = 16.28039928844221, (55, 2) = 10000.0, (56, 1) = 16.582577981909548, (56, 2) = 10000.0, (57, 1) = 16.88455926934673, (57, 2) = 10000.0, (58, 1) = 17.18542962211055, (58, 2) = 10000.0, (59, 1) = 17.474471840201005, (59, 2) = 10000.0, (60, 1) = 17.786934132663315, (60, 2) = 10000.0, (61, 1) = 18.084733353768844, (61, 2) = 10000.0, (62, 1) = 18.398153011055275, (62, 2) = 10000.0, (63, 1) = 18.681873274371856, (63, 2) = 10000.0, (64, 1) = 18.995437278391957, (64, 2) = 10000.0, (65, 1) = 19.295776953768843, (65, 2) = 10000.0, (66, 1) = 19.595385593969848, (66, 2) = 10000.0, (67, 1) = 19.908327979899497, (67, 2) = 10000.0, (68, 1) = 20.19655934170854, (68, 2) = 10000.0, (69, 1) = 20.491747682412058, (69, 2) = 10000.0, (70, 1) = 20.817670685427135, (70, 2) = 10000.0, (71, 1) = 21.112767268341706, (71, 2) = 10000.0, (72, 1) = 21.414558798994975, (72, 2) = 10000.0, (73, 1) = 21.7214730120603, (73, 2) = 10000.0, (74, 1) = 22.003586897487438, (74, 2) = 10000.0, (75, 1) = 22.304311163819094, (75, 2) = 10000.0, (76, 1) = 22.602746297487435, (76, 2) = 10000.0, (77, 1) = 22.92197912562814, (77, 2) = 10000.0, (78, 1) = 23.20368826733668, (78, 2) = 10000.0, (79, 1) = 23.528722136683413, (79, 2) = 10000.0, (80, 1) = 23.822040144723616, (80, 2) = 10000.0, (81, 1) = 24.112262981909545, (81, 2) = 10000.0, (82, 1) = 24.42434576683417, (82, 2) = 10000.0, (83, 1) = 24.73769099095477, (83, 2) = 10000.0, (84, 1) = 25.022788748743714, (84, 2) = 10000.0, (85, 1) = 25.325549903517587, (85, 2) = 10000.0, (86, 1) = 25.6210152, (86, 2) = 10000.0, (87, 1) = 25.94130269849246, (87, 2) = 10000.0, (88, 1) = 26.21844043417085, (88, 2) = 10000.0, (89, 1) = 26.536743198994973, (89, 2) = 10000.0, (90, 1) = 26.835964531658288, (90, 2) = 10000.0, (91, 1) = 27.13229571256281, (91, 2) = 10000.0, (92, 1) = 27.428862627135675, (92, 2) = 10000.0, (93, 1) = 27.73134210753769, (93, 2) = 10000.0, (94, 1) = 28.05196528944723, (94, 2) = 10000.0, (95, 1) = 28.345945350753766, (95, 2) = 10000.0, (96, 1) = 28.636141420100497, (96, 2) = 10000.0, (97, 1) = 28.946356242211053, (97, 2) = 10000.0, (98, 1) = 29.255895753768844, (98, 2) = 10000.0, (99, 1) = 29.53372584723618, (99, 2) = 10000.0, (100, 1) = 29.862835628140704, (100, 2) = 10000.0, (101, 1) = 30.138219431155775, (101, 2) = 10000.0, (102, 1) = 30.46031172060301, (102, 2) = 10000.0, (103, 1) = 30.767717608040197, (103, 2) = 10000.0, (104, 1) = 31.042194449246228, (104, 2) = 10000.0, (105, 1) = 31.350872363819093, (105, 2) = 10000.0, (106, 1) = 31.661596395979895, (106, 2) = 10000.0, (107, 1) = 31.970843611055276, (107, 2) = 10000.0, (108, 1) = 32.25755536582914, (108, 2) = 10000.0, (109, 1) = 32.55442878090452, (109, 2) = 10000.0, (110, 1) = 32.86145569145728, (110, 2) = 10000.0, (111, 1) = 33.16749796281407, (111, 2) = 10000.0, (112, 1) = 33.4823000562814, (112, 2) = 10000.0, (113, 1) = 33.759577911557784, (113, 2) = 10000.0, (114, 1) = 34.07172710351758, (114, 2) = 10000.0, (115, 1) = 34.38515801005025, (115, 2) = 10000.0, (116, 1) = 34.687206765829146, (116, 2) = 10000.0, (117, 1) = 34.96149597286432, (117, 2) = 10000.0, (118, 1) = 35.28765236984924, (118, 2) = 10000.0, (119, 1) = 35.563949620100495, (119, 2) = 10000.0, (120, 1) = 35.88534900603015, (120, 2) = 10000.0, (121, 1) = 36.16984192160804, (121, 2) = 10000.0, (122, 1) = 36.48197573969849, (122, 2) = 10000.0, (123, 1) = 36.77920094773869, (123, 2) = 10000.0, (124, 1) = 37.08932427135678, (124, 2) = 10000.0, (125, 1) = 37.37411429246231, (125, 2) = 10000.0, (126, 1) = 37.6812988040201, (126, 2) = 10000.0, (127, 1) = 38.00037717889447, (127, 2) = 10000.0, (128, 1) = 38.27813584221106, (128, 2) = 10000.0, (129, 1) = 38.5781228080402, (129, 2) = 10000.0, (130, 1) = 38.88803869748743, (130, 2) = 10000.0, (131, 1) = 39.191230932663316, (131, 2) = 10000.0, (132, 1) = 39.484585010050246, (132, 2) = 10000.0, (133, 1) = 39.81030469748743, (133, 2) = 10000.0, (134, 1) = 40.10297832361809, (134, 2) = 10000.0, (135, 1) = 40.41546988944723, (135, 2) = 10000.0, (136, 1) = 40.69863369346733, (136, 2) = 10000.0, (137, 1) = 41.008206524623105, (137, 2) = 10000.0, (138, 1) = 41.29949043316583, (138, 2) = 10000.0, (139, 1) = 41.60396604723618, (139, 2) = 10000.0, (140, 1) = 41.90164661306532, (140, 2) = 10000.0, (141, 1) = 42.213290577889445, (141, 2) = 10000.0, (142, 1) = 42.51344075577889, (142, 2) = 10000.0, (143, 1) = 42.8203876643216, (143, 2) = 10000.0, (144, 1) = 43.12479289748743, (144, 2) = 10000.0, (145, 1) = 43.404509692462305, (145, 2) = 10000.0, (146, 1) = 43.72509670552763, (146, 2) = 10000.0, (147, 1) = 44.01183355175879, (147, 2) = 10000.0, (148, 1) = 44.31755483517587, (148, 2) = 10000.0, (149, 1) = 44.610169112562815, (149, 2) = 10000.0, (150, 1) = 44.93507966231155, (150, 2) = 10000.0, (151, 1) = 45.21642832462311, (151, 2) = 10000.0, (152, 1) = 45.53576157286432, (152, 2) = 10000.0, (153, 1) = 45.826799161809035, (153, 2) = 10000.0, (154, 1) = 46.14514854572864, (154, 2) = 10000.0, (155, 1) = 46.41983022512562, (155, 2) = 10000.0, (156, 1) = 46.73266059497487, (156, 2) = 10000.0, (157, 1) = 47.03483928844221, (157, 2) = 10000.0, (158, 1) = 47.33682057587939, (158, 2) = 10000.0, (159, 1) = 47.63769092864321, (159, 2) = 10000.0, (160, 1) = 47.92673314673367, (160, 2) = 10000.0, (161, 1) = 48.23919543919598, (161, 2) = 10000.0, (162, 1) = 48.5369946603015, (162, 2) = 10000.0, (163, 1) = 48.85041431758794, (163, 2) = 10000.0, (164, 1) = 49.134134580904515, (164, 2) = 10000.0, (165, 1) = 49.447698584924616, (165, 2) = 10000.0, (166, 1) = 49.748038260301506, (166, 2) = 10000.0, (167, 1) = 50.047646900502514, (167, 2) = 10000.0, (168, 1) = 50.36058928643215, (168, 2) = 10000.0, (169, 1) = 50.6488206482412, (169, 2) = 10000.0, (170, 1) = 50.94400898894472, (170, 2) = 10000.0, (171, 1) = 51.26993199195979, (171, 2) = 10000.0, (172, 1) = 51.56502857487437, (172, 2) = 10000.0, (173, 1) = 51.86682010552764, (173, 2) = 10000.0, (174, 1) = 52.17373431859296, (174, 2) = 10000.0, (175, 1) = 52.4558482040201, (175, 2) = 10000.0, (176, 1) = 52.756572470351756, (176, 2) = 10000.0, (177, 1) = 53.0550076040201, (177, 2) = 10000.0, (178, 1) = 53.374240432160796, (178, 2) = 10000.0, (179, 1) = 53.65594957386934, (179, 2) = 10000.0, (180, 1) = 53.980983443216076, (180, 2) = 10000.0, (181, 1) = 54.27430145125628, (181, 2) = 10000.0, (182, 1) = 54.56452428844221, (182, 2) = 10000.0, (183, 1) = 54.876607073366834, (183, 2) = 10000.0, (184, 1) = 55.18995229748743, (184, 2) = 10000.0, (185, 1) = 55.47505005527638, (185, 2) = 10000.0, (186, 1) = 55.777811210050245, (186, 2) = 10000.0, (187, 1) = 56.07327650653266, (187, 2) = 10000.0, (188, 1) = 56.39356400502512, (188, 2) = 10000.0, (189, 1) = 56.67070174070351, (189, 2) = 10000.0, (190, 1) = 56.98900450552763, (190, 2) = 10000.0, (191, 1) = 57.288225838190954, (191, 2) = 10000.0, (192, 1) = 57.58455701909548, (192, 2) = 10000.0, (193, 1) = 57.881123933668334, (193, 2) = 10000.0, (194, 1) = 58.18360341407034, (194, 2) = 10000.0, (195, 1) = 58.504226595979894, (195, 2) = 10000.0, (196, 1) = 58.79820665728643, (196, 2) = 10000.0, (197, 1) = 59.08840272663316, (197, 2) = 10000.0, (198, 1) = 59.398617548743715, (198, 2) = 10000.0, (199, 1) = 59.708157060301495, (199, 2) = 10000.0, (200, 1) = 60.0, (200, 2) = 10000.0}, datatype = float[8])), CURVES(Matrix(200, 2, {(1, 1) = .0, (1, 2) = 100000.0, (2, 1) = .3154563015075377, (2, 2) = 100000.0, (3, 1) = .5899331427135678, (3, 2) = 100000.0, (4, 1) = .8986110572864321, (4, 2) = 100000.0, (5, 1) = 1.2093350894472361, (5, 2) = 100000.0, (6, 1) = 1.5185823045226128, (6, 2) = 100000.0, (7, 1) = 1.8052940592964821, (7, 2) = 100000.0, (8, 1) = 2.102167474371859, (8, 2) = 100000.0, (9, 1) = 2.409194384924623, (9, 2) = 100000.0, (10, 1) = 2.7152366562814065, (10, 2) = 100000.0, (11, 1) = 3.0300387497487438, (11, 2) = 100000.0, (12, 1) = 3.3073166050251253, (12, 2) = 100000.0, (13, 1) = 3.6194657969849247, (13, 2) = 100000.0, (14, 1) = 3.9328967035175877, (14, 2) = 100000.0, (15, 1) = 4.234945459296482, (15, 2) = 100000.0, (16, 1) = 4.509234666331658, (16, 2) = 100000.0, (17, 1) = 4.835391063316583, (17, 2) = 100000.0, (18, 1) = 5.111688313567838, (18, 2) = 100000.0, (19, 1) = 5.433087699497487, (19, 2) = 100000.0, (20, 1) = 5.717580615075376, (20, 2) = 100000.0, (21, 1) = 6.029714433165829, (21, 2) = 100000.0, (22, 1) = 6.32693964120603, (22, 2) = 100000.0, (23, 1) = 6.63706296482412, (23, 2) = 100000.0, (24, 1) = 6.9218529859296485, (24, 2) = 100000.0, (25, 1) = 7.229037497487436, (25, 2) = 100000.0, (26, 1) = 7.548115872361809, (26, 2) = 100000.0, (27, 1) = 7.825874535678391, (27, 2) = 100000.0, (28, 1) = 8.125861501507536, (28, 2) = 100000.0, (29, 1) = 8.435777390954772, (29, 2) = 100000.0, (30, 1) = 8.738969626130652, (30, 2) = 100000.0, (31, 1) = 9.032323703517587, (31, 2) = 100000.0, (32, 1) = 9.358043390954773, (32, 2) = 100000.0, (33, 1) = 9.650717017085425, (33, 2) = 100000.0, (34, 1) = 9.963208582914572, (34, 2) = 100000.0, (35, 1) = 10.246372386934672, (35, 2) = 100000.0, (36, 1) = 10.555945218090452, (36, 2) = 100000.0, (37, 1) = 10.847229126633163, (37, 2) = 100000.0, (38, 1) = 11.151704740703517, (38, 2) = 100000.0, (39, 1) = 11.449385306532662, (39, 2) = 100000.0, (40, 1) = 11.761029271356783, (40, 2) = 100000.0, (41, 1) = 12.06117944924623, (41, 2) = 100000.0, (42, 1) = 12.368126357788944, (42, 2) = 100000.0, (43, 1) = 12.672531590954774, (43, 2) = 100000.0, (44, 1) = 12.952248385929648, (44, 2) = 100000.0, (45, 1) = 13.272835398994975, (45, 2) = 100000.0, (46, 1) = 13.55957224522613, (46, 2) = 100000.0, (47, 1) = 13.865293528643216, (47, 2) = 100000.0, (48, 1) = 14.157907806030149, (48, 2) = 100000.0, (49, 1) = 14.482818355778894, (49, 2) = 100000.0, (50, 1) = 14.76416701809045, (50, 2) = 100000.0, (51, 1) = 15.083500266331658, (51, 2) = 100000.0, (52, 1) = 15.374537855276381, (52, 2) = 100000.0, (53, 1) = 15.69288723919598, (53, 2) = 100000.0, (54, 1) = 15.967568918592962, (54, 2) = 100000.0, (55, 1) = 16.28039928844221, (55, 2) = 100000.0, (56, 1) = 16.582577981909548, (56, 2) = 100000.0, (57, 1) = 16.88455926934673, (57, 2) = 100000.0, (58, 1) = 17.18542962211055, (58, 2) = 100000.0, (59, 1) = 17.474471840201005, (59, 2) = 100000.0, (60, 1) = 17.786934132663315, (60, 2) = 100000.0, (61, 1) = 18.084733353768844, (61, 2) = 100000.0, (62, 1) = 18.398153011055275, (62, 2) = 100000.0, (63, 1) = 18.681873274371856, (63, 2) = 100000.0, (64, 1) = 18.995437278391957, (64, 2) = 100000.0, (65, 1) = 19.295776953768843, (65, 2) = 100000.0, (66, 1) = 19.595385593969848, (66, 2) = 100000.0, (67, 1) = 19.908327979899497, (67, 2) = 100000.0, (68, 1) = 20.19655934170854, (68, 2) = 100000.0, (69, 1) = 20.491747682412058, (69, 2) = 100000.0, (70, 1) = 20.817670685427135, (70, 2) = 100000.0, (71, 1) = 21.112767268341706, (71, 2) = 100000.0, (72, 1) = 21.414558798994975, (72, 2) = 100000.0, (73, 1) = 21.7214730120603, (73, 2) = 100000.0, (74, 1) = 22.003586897487438, (74, 2) = 100000.0, (75, 1) = 22.304311163819094, (75, 2) = 100000.0, (76, 1) = 22.602746297487435, (76, 2) = 100000.0, (77, 1) = 22.92197912562814, (77, 2) = 100000.0, (78, 1) = 23.20368826733668, (78, 2) = 100000.0, (79, 1) = 23.528722136683413, (79, 2) = 100000.0, (80, 1) = 23.822040144723616, (80, 2) = 100000.0, (81, 1) = 24.112262981909545, (81, 2) = 100000.0, (82, 1) = 24.42434576683417, (82, 2) = 100000.0, (83, 1) = 24.73769099095477, (83, 2) = 100000.0, (84, 1) = 25.022788748743714, (84, 2) = 100000.0, (85, 1) = 25.325549903517587, (85, 2) = 100000.0, (86, 1) = 25.6210152, (86, 2) = 100000.0, (87, 1) = 25.94130269849246, (87, 2) = 100000.0, (88, 1) = 26.21844043417085, (88, 2) = 100000.0, (89, 1) = 26.536743198994973, (89, 2) = 100000.0, (90, 1) = 26.835964531658288, (90, 2) = 100000.0, (91, 1) = 27.13229571256281, (91, 2) = 100000.0, (92, 1) = 27.428862627135675, (92, 2) = 100000.0, (93, 1) = 27.73134210753769, (93, 2) = 100000.0, (94, 1) = 28.05196528944723, (94, 2) = 100000.0, (95, 1) = 28.345945350753766, (95, 2) = 100000.0, (96, 1) = 28.636141420100497, (96, 2) = 100000.0, (97, 1) = 28.946356242211053, (97, 2) = 100000.0, (98, 1) = 29.255895753768844, (98, 2) = 100000.0, (99, 1) = 29.53372584723618, (99, 2) = 100000.0, (100, 1) = 29.862835628140704, (100, 2) = 100000.0, (101, 1) = 30.138219431155775, (101, 2) = 100000.0, (102, 1) = 30.46031172060301, (102, 2) = 100000.0, (103, 1) = 30.767717608040197, (103, 2) = 100000.0, (104, 1) = 31.042194449246228, (104, 2) = 100000.0, (105, 1) = 31.350872363819093, (105, 2) = 100000.0, (106, 1) = 31.661596395979895, (106, 2) = 100000.0, (107, 1) = 31.970843611055276, (107, 2) = 100000.0, (108, 1) = 32.25755536582914, (108, 2) = 100000.0, (109, 1) = 32.55442878090452, (109, 2) = 100000.0, (110, 1) = 32.86145569145728, (110, 2) = 100000.0, (111, 1) = 33.16749796281407, (111, 2) = 100000.0, (112, 1) = 33.4823000562814, (112, 2) = 100000.0, (113, 1) = 33.759577911557784, (113, 2) = 100000.0, (114, 1) = 34.07172710351758, (114, 2) = 100000.0, (115, 1) = 34.38515801005025, (115, 2) = 100000.0, (116, 1) = 34.687206765829146, (116, 2) = 100000.0, (117, 1) = 34.96149597286432, (117, 2) = 100000.0, (118, 1) = 35.28765236984924, (118, 2) = 100000.0, (119, 1) = 35.563949620100495, (119, 2) = 100000.0, (120, 1) = 35.88534900603015, (120, 2) = 100000.0, (121, 1) = 36.16984192160804, (121, 2) = 100000.0, (122, 1) = 36.48197573969849, (122, 2) = 100000.0, (123, 1) = 36.77920094773869, (123, 2) = 100000.0, (124, 1) = 37.08932427135678, (124, 2) = 100000.0, (125, 1) = 37.37411429246231, (125, 2) = 100000.0, (126, 1) = 37.6812988040201, (126, 2) = 100000.0, (127, 1) = 38.00037717889447, (127, 2) = 100000.0, (128, 1) = 38.27813584221106, (128, 2) = 100000.0, (129, 1) = 38.5781228080402, (129, 2) = 100000.0, (130, 1) = 38.88803869748743, (130, 2) = 100000.0, (131, 1) = 39.191230932663316, (131, 2) = 100000.0, (132, 1) = 39.484585010050246, (132, 2) = 100000.0, (133, 1) = 39.81030469748743, (133, 2) = 100000.0, (134, 1) = 40.10297832361809, (134, 2) = 100000.0, (135, 1) = 40.41546988944723, (135, 2) = 100000.0, (136, 1) = 40.69863369346733, (136, 2) = 100000.0, (137, 1) = 41.008206524623105, (137, 2) = 100000.0, (138, 1) = 41.29949043316583, (138, 2) = 100000.0, (139, 1) = 41.60396604723618, (139, 2) = 100000.0, (140, 1) = 41.90164661306532, (140, 2) = 100000.0, (141, 1) = 42.213290577889445, (141, 2) = 100000.0, (142, 1) = 42.51344075577889, (142, 2) = 100000.0, (143, 1) = 42.8203876643216, (143, 2) = 100000.0, (144, 1) = 43.12479289748743, (144, 2) = 100000.0, (145, 1) = 43.404509692462305, (145, 2) = 100000.0, (146, 1) = 43.72509670552763, (146, 2) = 100000.0, (147, 1) = 44.01183355175879, (147, 2) = 100000.0, (148, 1) = 44.31755483517587, (148, 2) = 100000.0, (149, 1) = 44.610169112562815, (149, 2) = 100000.0, (150, 1) = 44.93507966231155, (150, 2) = 100000.0, (151, 1) = 45.21642832462311, (151, 2) = 100000.0, (152, 1) = 45.53576157286432, (152, 2) = 100000.0, (153, 1) = 45.826799161809035, (153, 2) = 100000.0, (154, 1) = 46.14514854572864, (154, 2) = 100000.0, (155, 1) = 46.41983022512562, (155, 2) = 100000.0, (156, 1) = 46.73266059497487, (156, 2) = 100000.0, (157, 1) = 47.03483928844221, (157, 2) = 100000.0, (158, 1) = 47.33682057587939, (158, 2) = 100000.0, (159, 1) = 47.63769092864321, (159, 2) = 100000.0, (160, 1) = 47.92673314673367, (160, 2) = 100000.0, (161, 1) = 48.23919543919598, (161, 2) = 100000.0, (162, 1) = 48.5369946603015, (162, 2) = 100000.0, (163, 1) = 48.85041431758794, (163, 2) = 100000.0, (164, 1) = 49.134134580904515, (164, 2) = 100000.0, (165, 1) = 49.447698584924616, (165, 2) = 100000.0, (166, 1) = 49.748038260301506, (166, 2) = 100000.0, (167, 1) = 50.047646900502514, (167, 2) = 100000.0, (168, 1) = 50.36058928643215, (168, 2) = 100000.0, (169, 1) = 50.6488206482412, (169, 2) = 100000.0, (170, 1) = 50.94400898894472, (170, 2) = 100000.0, (171, 1) = 51.26993199195979, (171, 2) = 100000.0, (172, 1) = 51.56502857487437, (172, 2) = 100000.0, (173, 1) = 51.86682010552764, (173, 2) = 100000.0, (174, 1) = 52.17373431859296, (174, 2) = 100000.0, (175, 1) = 52.4558482040201, (175, 2) = 100000.0, (176, 1) = 52.756572470351756, (176, 2) = 100000.0, (177, 1) = 53.0550076040201, (177, 2) = 100000.0, (178, 1) = 53.374240432160796, (178, 2) = 100000.0, (179, 1) = 53.65594957386934, (179, 2) = 100000.0, (180, 1) = 53.980983443216076, (180, 2) = 100000.0, (181, 1) = 54.27430145125628, (181, 2) = 100000.0, (182, 1) = 54.56452428844221, (182, 2) = 100000.0, (183, 1) = 54.876607073366834, (183, 2) = 100000.0, (184, 1) = 55.18995229748743, (184, 2) = 100000.0, (185, 1) = 55.47505005527638, (185, 2) = 100000.0, (186, 1) = 55.777811210050245, (186, 2) = 100000.0, (187, 1) = 56.07327650653266, (187, 2) = 100000.0, (188, 1) = 56.39356400502512, (188, 2) = 100000.0, (189, 1) = 56.67070174070351, (189, 2) = 100000.0, (190, 1) = 56.98900450552763, (190, 2) = 100000.0, (191, 1) = 57.288225838190954, (191, 2) = 100000.0, (192, 1) = 57.58455701909548, (192, 2) = 100000.0, (193, 1) = 57.881123933668334, (193, 2) = 100000.0, (194, 1) = 58.18360341407034, (194, 2) = 100000.0, (195, 1) = 58.504226595979894, (195, 2) = 100000.0, (196, 1) = 58.79820665728643, (196, 2) = 100000.0, (197, 1) = 59.08840272663316, (197, 2) = 100000.0, (198, 1) = 59.398617548743715, (198, 2) = 100000.0, (199, 1) = 59.708157060301495, (199, 2) = 100000.0, (200, 1) = 60.0, (200, 2) = 100000.0}, datatype = float[8])), CURVES(Matrix(200, 2, {(1, 1) = .0, (1, 2) = 1000000.0, (2, 1) = .3154563015075377, (2, 2) = 1000000.0, (3, 1) = .5899331427135678, (3, 2) = 1000000.0, (4, 1) = .8986110572864321, (4, 2) = 1000000.0, (5, 1) = 1.2093350894472361, (5, 2) = 1000000.0, (6, 1) = 1.5185823045226128, (6, 2) = 1000000.0, (7, 1) = 1.8052940592964821, (7, 2) = 1000000.0, (8, 1) = 2.102167474371859, (8, 2) = 1000000.0, (9, 1) = 2.409194384924623, (9, 2) = 1000000.0, (10, 1) = 2.7152366562814065, (10, 2) = 1000000.0, (11, 1) = 3.0300387497487438, (11, 2) = 1000000.0, (12, 1) = 3.3073166050251253, (12, 2) = 1000000.0, (13, 1) = 3.6194657969849247, (13, 2) = 1000000.0, (14, 1) = 3.9328967035175877, (14, 2) = 1000000.0, (15, 1) = 4.234945459296482, (15, 2) = 1000000.0, (16, 1) = 4.509234666331658, (16, 2) = 1000000.0, (17, 1) = 4.835391063316583, (17, 2) = 1000000.0, (18, 1) = 5.111688313567838, (18, 2) = 1000000.0, (19, 1) = 5.433087699497487, (19, 2) = 1000000.0, (20, 1) = 5.717580615075376, (20, 2) = 1000000.0, (21, 1) = 6.029714433165829, (21, 2) = 1000000.0, (22, 1) = 6.32693964120603, (22, 2) = 1000000.0, (23, 1) = 6.63706296482412, (23, 2) = 1000000.0, (24, 1) = 6.9218529859296485, (24, 2) = 1000000.0, (25, 1) = 7.229037497487436, (25, 2) = 1000000.0, (26, 1) = 7.548115872361809, (26, 2) = 1000000.0, (27, 1) = 7.825874535678391, (27, 2) = 1000000.0, (28, 1) = 8.125861501507536, (28, 2) = 1000000.0, (29, 1) = 8.435777390954772, (29, 2) = 1000000.0, (30, 1) = 8.738969626130652, (30, 2) = 1000000.0, (31, 1) = 9.032323703517587, (31, 2) = 1000000.0, (32, 1) = 9.358043390954773, (32, 2) = 1000000.0, (33, 1) = 9.650717017085425, (33, 2) = 1000000.0, (34, 1) = 9.963208582914572, (34, 2) = 1000000.0, (35, 1) = 10.246372386934672, (35, 2) = 1000000.0, (36, 1) = 10.555945218090452, (36, 2) = 1000000.0, (37, 1) = 10.847229126633163, (37, 2) = 1000000.0, (38, 1) = 11.151704740703517, (38, 2) = 1000000.0, (39, 1) = 11.449385306532662, (39, 2) = 1000000.0, (40, 1) = 11.761029271356783, (40, 2) = 1000000.0, (41, 1) = 12.06117944924623, (41, 2) = 1000000.0, (42, 1) = 12.368126357788944, (42, 2) = 1000000.0, (43, 1) = 12.672531590954774, (43, 2) = 1000000.0, (44, 1) = 12.952248385929648, (44, 2) = 1000000.0, (45, 1) = 13.272835398994975, (45, 2) = 1000000.0, (46, 1) = 13.55957224522613, (46, 2) = 1000000.0, (47, 1) = 13.865293528643216, (47, 2) = 1000000.0, (48, 1) = 14.157907806030149, (48, 2) = 1000000.0, (49, 1) = 14.482818355778894, (49, 2) = 1000000.0, (50, 1) = 14.76416701809045, (50, 2) = 1000000.0, (51, 1) = 15.083500266331658, (51, 2) = 1000000.0, (52, 1) = 15.374537855276381, (52, 2) = 1000000.0, (53, 1) = 15.69288723919598, (53, 2) = 1000000.0, (54, 1) = 15.967568918592962, (54, 2) = 1000000.0, (55, 1) = 16.28039928844221, (55, 2) = 1000000.0, (56, 1) = 16.582577981909548, (56, 2) = 1000000.0, (57, 1) = 16.88455926934673, (57, 2) = 1000000.0, (58, 1) = 17.18542962211055, (58, 2) = 1000000.0, (59, 1) = 17.474471840201005, (59, 2) = 1000000.0, (60, 1) = 17.786934132663315, (60, 2) = 1000000.0, (61, 1) = 18.084733353768844, (61, 2) = 1000000.0, (62, 1) = 18.398153011055275, (62, 2) = 1000000.0, (63, 1) = 18.681873274371856, (63, 2) = 1000000.0, (64, 1) = 18.995437278391957, (64, 2) = 1000000.0, (65, 1) = 19.295776953768843, (65, 2) = 1000000.0, (66, 1) = 19.595385593969848, (66, 2) = 1000000.0, (67, 1) = 19.908327979899497, (67, 2) = 1000000.0, (68, 1) = 20.19655934170854, (68, 2) = 1000000.0, (69, 1) = 20.491747682412058, (69, 2) = 1000000.0, (70, 1) = 20.817670685427135, (70, 2) = 1000000.0, (71, 1) = 21.112767268341706, (71, 2) = 1000000.0, (72, 1) = 21.414558798994975, (72, 2) = 1000000.0, (73, 1) = 21.7214730120603, (73, 2) = 1000000.0, (74, 1) = 22.003586897487438, (74, 2) = 1000000.0, (75, 1) = 22.304311163819094, (75, 2) = 1000000.0, (76, 1) = 22.602746297487435, (76, 2) = 1000000.0, (77, 1) = 22.92197912562814, (77, 2) = 1000000.0, (78, 1) = 23.20368826733668, (78, 2) = 1000000.0, (79, 1) = 23.528722136683413, (79, 2) = 1000000.0, (80, 1) = 23.822040144723616, (80, 2) = 1000000.0, (81, 1) = 24.112262981909545, (81, 2) = 1000000.0, (82, 1) = 24.42434576683417, (82, 2) = 1000000.0, (83, 1) = 24.73769099095477, (83, 2) = 1000000.0, (84, 1) = 25.022788748743714, (84, 2) = 1000000.0, (85, 1) = 25.325549903517587, (85, 2) = 1000000.0, (86, 1) = 25.6210152, (86, 2) = 1000000.0, (87, 1) = 25.94130269849246, (87, 2) = 1000000.0, (88, 1) = 26.21844043417085, (88, 2) = 1000000.0, (89, 1) = 26.536743198994973, (89, 2) = 1000000.0, (90, 1) = 26.835964531658288, (90, 2) = 1000000.0, (91, 1) = 27.13229571256281, (91, 2) = 1000000.0, (92, 1) = 27.428862627135675, (92, 2) = 1000000.0, (93, 1) = 27.73134210753769, (93, 2) = 1000000.0, (94, 1) = 28.05196528944723, (94, 2) = 1000000.0, (95, 1) = 28.345945350753766, (95, 2) = 1000000.0, (96, 1) = 28.636141420100497, (96, 2) = 1000000.0, (97, 1) = 28.946356242211053, (97, 2) = 1000000.0, (98, 1) = 29.255895753768844, (98, 2) = 1000000.0, (99, 1) = 29.53372584723618, (99, 2) = 1000000.0, (100, 1) = 29.862835628140704, (100, 2) = 1000000.0, (101, 1) = 30.138219431155775, (101, 2) = 1000000.0, (102, 1) = 30.46031172060301, (102, 2) = 1000000.0, (103, 1) = 30.767717608040197, (103, 2) = 1000000.0, (104, 1) = 31.042194449246228, (104, 2) = 1000000.0, (105, 1) = 31.350872363819093, (105, 2) = 1000000.0, (106, 1) = 31.661596395979895, (106, 2) = 1000000.0, (107, 1) = 31.970843611055276, (107, 2) = 1000000.0, (108, 1) = 32.25755536582914, (108, 2) = 1000000.0, (109, 1) = 32.55442878090452, (109, 2) = 1000000.0, (110, 1) = 32.86145569145728, (110, 2) = 1000000.0, (111, 1) = 33.16749796281407, (111, 2) = 1000000.0, (112, 1) = 33.4823000562814, (112, 2) = 1000000.0, (113, 1) = 33.759577911557784, (113, 2) = 1000000.0, (114, 1) = 34.07172710351758, (114, 2) = 1000000.0, (115, 1) = 34.38515801005025, (115, 2) = 1000000.0, (116, 1) = 34.687206765829146, (116, 2) = 1000000.0, (117, 1) = 34.96149597286432, (117, 2) = 1000000.0, (118, 1) = 35.28765236984924, (118, 2) = 1000000.0, (119, 1) = 35.563949620100495, (119, 2) = 1000000.0, (120, 1) = 35.88534900603015, (120, 2) = 1000000.0, (121, 1) = 36.16984192160804, (121, 2) = 1000000.0, (122, 1) = 36.48197573969849, (122, 2) = 1000000.0, (123, 1) = 36.77920094773869, (123, 2) = 1000000.0, (124, 1) = 37.08932427135678, (124, 2) = 1000000.0, (125, 1) = 37.37411429246231, (125, 2) = 1000000.0, (126, 1) = 37.6812988040201, (126, 2) = 1000000.0, (127, 1) = 38.00037717889447, (127, 2) = 1000000.0, (128, 1) = 38.27813584221106, (128, 2) = 1000000.0, (129, 1) = 38.5781228080402, (129, 2) = 1000000.0, (130, 1) = 38.88803869748743, (130, 2) = 1000000.0, (131, 1) = 39.191230932663316, (131, 2) = 1000000.0, (132, 1) = 39.484585010050246, (132, 2) = 1000000.0, (133, 1) = 39.81030469748743, (133, 2) = 1000000.0, (134, 1) = 40.10297832361809, (134, 2) = 1000000.0, (135, 1) = 40.41546988944723, (135, 2) = 1000000.0, (136, 1) = 40.69863369346733, (136, 2) = 1000000.0, (137, 1) = 41.008206524623105, (137, 2) = 1000000.0, (138, 1) = 41.29949043316583, (138, 2) = 1000000.0, (139, 1) = 41.60396604723618, (139, 2) = 1000000.0, (140, 1) = 41.90164661306532, (140, 2) = 1000000.0, (141, 1) = 42.213290577889445, (141, 2) = 1000000.0, (142, 1) = 42.51344075577889, (142, 2) = 1000000.0, (143, 1) = 42.8203876643216, (143, 2) = 1000000.0, (144, 1) = 43.12479289748743, (144, 2) = 1000000.0, (145, 1) = 43.404509692462305, (145, 2) = 1000000.0, (146, 1) = 43.72509670552763, (146, 2) = 1000000.0, (147, 1) = 44.01183355175879, (147, 2) = 1000000.0, (148, 1) = 44.31755483517587, (148, 2) = 1000000.0, (149, 1) = 44.610169112562815, (149, 2) = 1000000.0, (150, 1) = 44.93507966231155, (150, 2) = 1000000.0, (151, 1) = 45.21642832462311, (151, 2) = 1000000.0, (152, 1) = 45.53576157286432, (152, 2) = 1000000.0, (153, 1) = 45.826799161809035, (153, 2) = 1000000.0, (154, 1) = 46.14514854572864, (154, 2) = 1000000.0, (155, 1) = 46.41983022512562, (155, 2) = 1000000.0, (156, 1) = 46.73266059497487, (156, 2) = 1000000.0, (157, 1) = 47.03483928844221, (157, 2) = 1000000.0, (158, 1) = 47.33682057587939, (158, 2) = 1000000.0, (159, 1) = 47.63769092864321, (159, 2) = 1000000.0, (160, 1) = 47.92673314673367, (160, 2) = 1000000.0, (161, 1) = 48.23919543919598, (161, 2) = 1000000.0, (162, 1) = 48.5369946603015, (162, 2) = 1000000.0, (163, 1) = 48.85041431758794, (163, 2) = 1000000.0, (164, 1) = 49.134134580904515, (164, 2) = 1000000.0, (165, 1) = 49.447698584924616, (165, 2) = 1000000.0, (166, 1) = 49.748038260301506, (166, 2) = 1000000.0, (167, 1) = 50.047646900502514, (167, 2) = 1000000.0, (168, 1) = 50.36058928643215, (168, 2) = 1000000.0, (169, 1) = 50.6488206482412, (169, 2) = 1000000.0, (170, 1) = 50.94400898894472, (170, 2) = 1000000.0, (171, 1) = 51.26993199195979, (171, 2) = 1000000.0, (172, 1) = 51.56502857487437, (172, 2) = 1000000.0, (173, 1) = 51.86682010552764, (173, 2) = 1000000.0, (174, 1) = 52.17373431859296, (174, 2) = 1000000.0, (175, 1) = 52.4558482040201, (175, 2) = 1000000.0, (176, 1) = 52.756572470351756, (176, 2) = 1000000.0, (177, 1) = 53.0550076040201, (177, 2) = 1000000.0, (178, 1) = 53.374240432160796, (178, 2) = 1000000.0, (179, 1) = 53.65594957386934, (179, 2) = 1000000.0, (180, 1) = 53.980983443216076, (180, 2) = 1000000.0, (181, 1) = 54.27430145125628, (181, 2) = 1000000.0, (182, 1) = 54.56452428844221, (182, 2) = 1000000.0, (183, 1) = 54.876607073366834, (183, 2) = 1000000.0, (184, 1) = 55.18995229748743, (184, 2) = 1000000.0, (185, 1) = 55.47505005527638, (185, 2) = 1000000.0, (186, 1) = 55.777811210050245, (186, 2) = 1000000.0, (187, 1) = 56.07327650653266, (187, 2) = 1000000.0, (188, 1) = 56.39356400502512, (188, 2) = 1000000.0, (189, 1) = 56.67070174070351, (189, 2) = 1000000.0, (190, 1) = 56.98900450552763, (190, 2) = 1000000.0, (191, 1) = 57.288225838190954, (191, 2) = 1000000.0, (192, 1) = 57.58455701909548, (192, 2) = 1000000.0, (193, 1) = 57.881123933668334, (193, 2) = 1000000.0, (194, 1) = 58.18360341407034, (194, 2) = 1000000.0, (195, 1) = 58.504226595979894, (195, 2) = 1000000.0, (196, 1) = 58.79820665728643, (196, 2) = 1000000.0, (197, 1) = 59.08840272663316, (197, 2) = 1000000.0, (198, 1) = 59.398617548743715, (198, 2) = 1000000.0, (199, 1) = 59.708157060301495, (199, 2) = 1000000.0, (200, 1) = 60.0, (200, 2) = 1000000.0}, datatype = float[8])), COLOUR(RGB, .90196078, .90196078, .90196078), THICKNESS(0), AXESLABELS(x, ""), VIEW(0. .. 60., DEFAULT, _ATTRIBUTE("source" = "mathdefault")))

    (5)

    plots:-display(a2, b2, title = "Total Deaths \n (Logarithmic scale)\n", titlefont = ["Helvetica", 18], size = [681, 400])

     

    One still could think and interpret that graph at levelling off to maybe 100,000.  I sense another Dr. Fauci prediction?  

    Let's take a look at the linear graph

     

    a3 := plots:-listplot(USTotalDeaths[32 .. ()], tickmarks = [[seq(i-31 = USTotaldeathsdates[i], i = 32 .. nops(USTotaldeathsdates))], [20000 = "20K", 40000 = "40K", 60000 = "60K", 80000 = "80K"]], view = [default, 100 .. 80000], color = "#FF9900", thickness = 6, labels = ["", "Total Coronavirus Deaths"], labeldirections = [default, vertical])

    PLOT(CURVES(Matrix(46, 2, {(1, 1) = 1.0, (1, 2) = 121.0, (2, 1) = 2.0, (2, 2) = 171.0, (3, 1) = 3.0, (3, 2) = 239.0, (4, 1) = 4.0, (4, 2) = 309.0, (5, 1) = 5.0, (5, 2) = 374.0, (6, 1) = 6.0, (6, 2) = 509.0, (7, 1) = 7.0, (7, 2) = 689.0, (8, 1) = 8.0, (8, 2) = 957.0, (9, 1) = 9.0, (9, 2) = 1260.0, (10, 1) = 10.0, (10, 2) = 1614.0, (11, 1) = 11.0, (11, 2) = 2110.0, (12, 1) = 12.0, (12, 2) = 2754.0, (13, 1) = 13.0, (13, 2) = 3251.0, (14, 1) = 14.0, (14, 2) = 4066.0, (15, 1) = 15.0, (15, 2) = 5151.0, (16, 1) = 16.0, (16, 2) = 6394.0, (17, 1) = 17.0, (17, 2) = 7576.0, (18, 1) = 18.0, (18, 2) = 8839.0, (19, 1) = 19.0, (19, 2) = 10384.0, (20, 1) = 20.0, (20, 2) = 11793.0, (21, 1) = 21.0, (21, 2) = 13298.0, (22, 1) = 22.0, (22, 2) = 15526.0, (23, 1) = 23.0, (23, 2) = 17691.0, (24, 1) = 24.0, (24, 2) = 19802.0, (25, 1) = 25.0, (25, 2) = 22038.0, (26, 1) = 26.0, (26, 2) = 24062.0, (27, 1) = 27.0, (27, 2) = 25789.0, (28, 1) = 28.0, (28, 2) = 27515.0, (29, 1) = 29.0, (29, 2) = 30081.0, (30, 1) = 30.0, (30, 2) = 32712.0, (31, 1) = 31.0, (31, 2) = 34905.0, (32, 1) = 32.0, (32, 2) = 37448.0, (33, 1) = 33.0, (33, 2) = 39331.0, (34, 1) = 34.0, (34, 2) = 40901.0, (35, 1) = 35.0, (35, 2) = 42853.0, (36, 1) = 36.0, (36, 2) = 45536.0, (37, 1) = 37.0, (37, 2) = 47894.0, (38, 1) = 38.0, (38, 2) = 50234.0, (39, 1) = 39.0, (39, 2) = 52191.0, (40, 1) = 40.0, (40, 2) = 54256.0, (41, 1) = 41.0, (41, 2) = 55412.0, (42, 1) = 42.0, (42, 2) = 56795.0, (43, 1) = 43.0, (43, 2) = 59265.0, (44, 1) = 44.0, (44, 2) = 61655.0, (45, 1) = 45.0, (45, 2) = 63856.0, (46, 1) = 46.0, (46, 2) = 65753.0}, datatype = float[8])), COLOUR(RGB, 1.00000000, .60000000, 0.), THICKNESS(6), AXESTICKS([1 = "Mar 17", 2 = "Mar 18", 3 = "Mar 19", 4 = "Mar 20", 5 = "Mar 21", 6 = "Mar 22", 7 = "Mar 23", 8 = "Mar 24", 9 = "Mar 25", 10 = "Mar 26", 11 = "Mar 27", 12 = "Mar 28", 13 = "Mar 29", 14 = "Mar 30", 15 = "Mar 31", 16 = "Apr 01", 17 = "Apr 02", 18 = "Apr 03", 19 = "Apr 04", 20 = "Apr 05", 21 = "Apr 06", 22 = "Apr 07", 23 = "Apr 08", 24 = "Apr 09", 25 = "Apr 10", 26 = "Apr 11", 27 = "Apr 12", 28 = "Apr 13", 29 = "Apr 14", 30 = "Apr 15", 31 = "Apr 16", 32 = "Apr 17", 33 = "Apr 18", 34 = "Apr 19", 35 = "Apr 20", 36 = "Apr 21", 37 = "Apr 22", 38 = "Apr 23", 39 = "Apr 24", 40 = "Apr 25", 41 = "Apr 26", 42 = "Apr 27", 43 = "Apr 28", 44 = "Apr 29", 45 = "Apr 30", 46 = "May 01"], [20000 = "20K", 40000 = "40K", 60000 = "60K", 80000 = "80K"]), AXESLABELS("", "Total Coronavirus Deaths", FONT(DEFAULT), DEFAULT, VERTICAL), VIEW(DEFAULT, 100 .. 80000))

    (6)

    b3 := plot([20000, 40000, 60000, 80000], x = 0 .. 60, color = "#E6E6E6", thickness = 0)

    PLOT(CURVES(Matrix(200, 2, {(1, 1) = .0, (1, 2) = 20000.0, (2, 1) = .3154563015075377, (2, 2) = 20000.0, (3, 1) = .5899331427135678, (3, 2) = 20000.0, (4, 1) = .8986110572864321, (4, 2) = 20000.0, (5, 1) = 1.2093350894472361, (5, 2) = 20000.0, (6, 1) = 1.5185823045226128, (6, 2) = 20000.0, (7, 1) = 1.8052940592964821, (7, 2) = 20000.0, (8, 1) = 2.102167474371859, (8, 2) = 20000.0, (9, 1) = 2.409194384924623, (9, 2) = 20000.0, (10, 1) = 2.7152366562814065, (10, 2) = 20000.0, (11, 1) = 3.0300387497487438, (11, 2) = 20000.0, (12, 1) = 3.3073166050251253, (12, 2) = 20000.0, (13, 1) = 3.6194657969849247, (13, 2) = 20000.0, (14, 1) = 3.9328967035175877, (14, 2) = 20000.0, (15, 1) = 4.234945459296482, (15, 2) = 20000.0, (16, 1) = 4.509234666331658, (16, 2) = 20000.0, (17, 1) = 4.835391063316583, (17, 2) = 20000.0, (18, 1) = 5.111688313567838, (18, 2) = 20000.0, (19, 1) = 5.433087699497487, (19, 2) = 20000.0, (20, 1) = 5.717580615075376, (20, 2) = 20000.0, (21, 1) = 6.029714433165829, (21, 2) = 20000.0, (22, 1) = 6.32693964120603, (22, 2) = 20000.0, (23, 1) = 6.63706296482412, (23, 2) = 20000.0, (24, 1) = 6.9218529859296485, (24, 2) = 20000.0, (25, 1) = 7.229037497487436, (25, 2) = 20000.0, (26, 1) = 7.548115872361809, (26, 2) = 20000.0, (27, 1) = 7.825874535678391, (27, 2) = 20000.0, (28, 1) = 8.125861501507536, (28, 2) = 20000.0, (29, 1) = 8.435777390954772, (29, 2) = 20000.0, (30, 1) = 8.738969626130652, (30, 2) = 20000.0, (31, 1) = 9.032323703517587, (31, 2) = 20000.0, (32, 1) = 9.358043390954773, (32, 2) = 20000.0, (33, 1) = 9.650717017085425, (33, 2) = 20000.0, (34, 1) = 9.963208582914572, (34, 2) = 20000.0, (35, 1) = 10.246372386934672, (35, 2) = 20000.0, (36, 1) = 10.555945218090452, (36, 2) = 20000.0, (37, 1) = 10.847229126633163, (37, 2) = 20000.0, (38, 1) = 11.151704740703517, (38, 2) = 20000.0, (39, 1) = 11.449385306532662, (39, 2) = 20000.0, (40, 1) = 11.761029271356783, (40, 2) = 20000.0, (41, 1) = 12.06117944924623, (41, 2) = 20000.0, (42, 1) = 12.368126357788944, (42, 2) = 20000.0, (43, 1) = 12.672531590954774, (43, 2) = 20000.0, (44, 1) = 12.952248385929648, (44, 2) = 20000.0, (45, 1) = 13.272835398994975, (45, 2) = 20000.0, (46, 1) = 13.55957224522613, (46, 2) = 20000.0, (47, 1) = 13.865293528643216, (47, 2) = 20000.0, (48, 1) = 14.157907806030149, (48, 2) = 20000.0, (49, 1) = 14.482818355778894, (49, 2) = 20000.0, (50, 1) = 14.76416701809045, (50, 2) = 20000.0, (51, 1) = 15.083500266331658, (51, 2) = 20000.0, (52, 1) = 15.374537855276381, (52, 2) = 20000.0, (53, 1) = 15.69288723919598, (53, 2) = 20000.0, (54, 1) = 15.967568918592962, (54, 2) = 20000.0, (55, 1) = 16.28039928844221, (55, 2) = 20000.0, (56, 1) = 16.582577981909548, (56, 2) = 20000.0, (57, 1) = 16.88455926934673, (57, 2) = 20000.0, (58, 1) = 17.18542962211055, (58, 2) = 20000.0, (59, 1) = 17.474471840201005, (59, 2) = 20000.0, (60, 1) = 17.786934132663315, (60, 2) = 20000.0, (61, 1) = 18.084733353768844, (61, 2) = 20000.0, (62, 1) = 18.398153011055275, (62, 2) = 20000.0, (63, 1) = 18.681873274371856, (63, 2) = 20000.0, (64, 1) = 18.995437278391957, (64, 2) = 20000.0, (65, 1) = 19.295776953768843, (65, 2) = 20000.0, (66, 1) = 19.595385593969848, (66, 2) = 20000.0, (67, 1) = 19.908327979899497, (67, 2) = 20000.0, (68, 1) = 20.19655934170854, (68, 2) = 20000.0, (69, 1) = 20.491747682412058, (69, 2) = 20000.0, (70, 1) = 20.817670685427135, (70, 2) = 20000.0, (71, 1) = 21.112767268341706, (71, 2) = 20000.0, (72, 1) = 21.414558798994975, (72, 2) = 20000.0, (73, 1) = 21.7214730120603, (73, 2) = 20000.0, (74, 1) = 22.003586897487438, (74, 2) = 20000.0, (75, 1) = 22.304311163819094, (75, 2) = 20000.0, (76, 1) = 22.602746297487435, (76, 2) = 20000.0, (77, 1) = 22.92197912562814, (77, 2) = 20000.0, (78, 1) = 23.20368826733668, (78, 2) = 20000.0, (79, 1) = 23.528722136683413, (79, 2) = 20000.0, (80, 1) = 23.822040144723616, (80, 2) = 20000.0, (81, 1) = 24.112262981909545, (81, 2) = 20000.0, (82, 1) = 24.42434576683417, (82, 2) = 20000.0, (83, 1) = 24.73769099095477, (83, 2) = 20000.0, (84, 1) = 25.022788748743714, (84, 2) = 20000.0, (85, 1) = 25.325549903517587, (85, 2) = 20000.0, (86, 1) = 25.6210152, (86, 2) = 20000.0, (87, 1) = 25.94130269849246, (87, 2) = 20000.0, (88, 1) = 26.21844043417085, (88, 2) = 20000.0, (89, 1) = 26.536743198994973, (89, 2) = 20000.0, (90, 1) = 26.835964531658288, (90, 2) = 20000.0, (91, 1) = 27.13229571256281, (91, 2) = 20000.0, (92, 1) = 27.428862627135675, (92, 2) = 20000.0, (93, 1) = 27.73134210753769, (93, 2) = 20000.0, (94, 1) = 28.05196528944723, (94, 2) = 20000.0, (95, 1) = 28.345945350753766, (95, 2) = 20000.0, (96, 1) = 28.636141420100497, (96, 2) = 20000.0, (97, 1) = 28.946356242211053, (97, 2) = 20000.0, (98, 1) = 29.255895753768844, (98, 2) = 20000.0, (99, 1) = 29.53372584723618, (99, 2) = 20000.0, (100, 1) = 29.862835628140704, (100, 2) = 20000.0, (101, 1) = 30.138219431155775, (101, 2) = 20000.0, (102, 1) = 30.46031172060301, (102, 2) = 20000.0, (103, 1) = 30.767717608040197, (103, 2) = 20000.0, (104, 1) = 31.042194449246228, (104, 2) = 20000.0, (105, 1) = 31.350872363819093, (105, 2) = 20000.0, (106, 1) = 31.661596395979895, (106, 2) = 20000.0, (107, 1) = 31.970843611055276, (107, 2) = 20000.0, (108, 1) = 32.25755536582914, (108, 2) = 20000.0, (109, 1) = 32.55442878090452, (109, 2) = 20000.0, (110, 1) = 32.86145569145728, (110, 2) = 20000.0, (111, 1) = 33.16749796281407, (111, 2) = 20000.0, (112, 1) = 33.4823000562814, (112, 2) = 20000.0, (113, 1) = 33.759577911557784, (113, 2) = 20000.0, (114, 1) = 34.07172710351758, (114, 2) = 20000.0, (115, 1) = 34.38515801005025, (115, 2) = 20000.0, (116, 1) = 34.687206765829146, (116, 2) = 20000.0, (117, 1) = 34.96149597286432, (117, 2) = 20000.0, (118, 1) = 35.28765236984924, (118, 2) = 20000.0, (119, 1) = 35.563949620100495, (119, 2) = 20000.0, (120, 1) = 35.88534900603015, (120, 2) = 20000.0, (121, 1) = 36.16984192160804, (121, 2) = 20000.0, (122, 1) = 36.48197573969849, (122, 2) = 20000.0, (123, 1) = 36.77920094773869, (123, 2) = 20000.0, (124, 1) = 37.08932427135678, (124, 2) = 20000.0, (125, 1) = 37.37411429246231, (125, 2) = 20000.0, (126, 1) = 37.6812988040201, (126, 2) = 20000.0, (127, 1) = 38.00037717889447, (127, 2) = 20000.0, (128, 1) = 38.27813584221106, (128, 2) = 20000.0, (129, 1) = 38.5781228080402, (129, 2) = 20000.0, (130, 1) = 38.88803869748743, (130, 2) = 20000.0, (131, 1) = 39.191230932663316, (131, 2) = 20000.0, (132, 1) = 39.484585010050246, (132, 2) = 20000.0, (133, 1) = 39.81030469748743, (133, 2) = 20000.0, (134, 1) = 40.10297832361809, (134, 2) = 20000.0, (135, 1) = 40.41546988944723, (135, 2) = 20000.0, (136, 1) = 40.69863369346733, (136, 2) = 20000.0, (137, 1) = 41.008206524623105, (137, 2) = 20000.0, (138, 1) = 41.29949043316583, (138, 2) = 20000.0, (139, 1) = 41.60396604723618, (139, 2) = 20000.0, (140, 1) = 41.90164661306532, (140, 2) = 20000.0, (141, 1) = 42.213290577889445, (141, 2) = 20000.0, (142, 1) = 42.51344075577889, (142, 2) = 20000.0, (143, 1) = 42.8203876643216, (143, 2) = 20000.0, (144, 1) = 43.12479289748743, (144, 2) = 20000.0, (145, 1) = 43.404509692462305, (145, 2) = 20000.0, (146, 1) = 43.72509670552763, (146, 2) = 20000.0, (147, 1) = 44.01183355175879, (147, 2) = 20000.0, (148, 1) = 44.31755483517587, (148, 2) = 20000.0, (149, 1) = 44.610169112562815, (149, 2) = 20000.0, (150, 1) = 44.93507966231155, (150, 2) = 20000.0, (151, 1) = 45.21642832462311, (151, 2) = 20000.0, (152, 1) = 45.53576157286432, (152, 2) = 20000.0, (153, 1) = 45.826799161809035, (153, 2) = 20000.0, (154, 1) = 46.14514854572864, (154, 2) = 20000.0, (155, 1) = 46.41983022512562, (155, 2) = 20000.0, (156, 1) = 46.73266059497487, (156, 2) = 20000.0, (157, 1) = 47.03483928844221, (157, 2) = 20000.0, (158, 1) = 47.33682057587939, (158, 2) = 20000.0, (159, 1) = 47.63769092864321, (159, 2) = 20000.0, (160, 1) = 47.92673314673367, (160, 2) = 20000.0, (161, 1) = 48.23919543919598, (161, 2) = 20000.0, (162, 1) = 48.5369946603015, (162, 2) = 20000.0, (163, 1) = 48.85041431758794, (163, 2) = 20000.0, (164, 1) = 49.134134580904515, (164, 2) = 20000.0, (165, 1) = 49.447698584924616, (165, 2) = 20000.0, (166, 1) = 49.748038260301506, (166, 2) = 20000.0, (167, 1) = 50.047646900502514, (167, 2) = 20000.0, (168, 1) = 50.36058928643215, (168, 2) = 20000.0, (169, 1) = 50.6488206482412, (169, 2) = 20000.0, (170, 1) = 50.94400898894472, (170, 2) = 20000.0, (171, 1) = 51.26993199195979, (171, 2) = 20000.0, (172, 1) = 51.56502857487437, (172, 2) = 20000.0, (173, 1) = 51.86682010552764, (173, 2) = 20000.0, (174, 1) = 52.17373431859296, (174, 2) = 20000.0, (175, 1) = 52.4558482040201, (175, 2) = 20000.0, (176, 1) = 52.756572470351756, (176, 2) = 20000.0, (177, 1) = 53.0550076040201, (177, 2) = 20000.0, (178, 1) = 53.374240432160796, (178, 2) = 20000.0, (179, 1) = 53.65594957386934, (179, 2) = 20000.0, (180, 1) = 53.980983443216076, (180, 2) = 20000.0, (181, 1) = 54.27430145125628, (181, 2) = 20000.0, (182, 1) = 54.56452428844221, (182, 2) = 20000.0, (183, 1) = 54.876607073366834, (183, 2) = 20000.0, (184, 1) = 55.18995229748743, (184, 2) = 20000.0, (185, 1) = 55.47505005527638, (185, 2) = 20000.0, (186, 1) = 55.777811210050245, (186, 2) = 20000.0, (187, 1) = 56.07327650653266, (187, 2) = 20000.0, (188, 1) = 56.39356400502512, (188, 2) = 20000.0, (189, 1) = 56.67070174070351, (189, 2) = 20000.0, (190, 1) = 56.98900450552763, (190, 2) = 20000.0, (191, 1) = 57.288225838190954, (191, 2) = 20000.0, (192, 1) = 57.58455701909548, (192, 2) = 20000.0, (193, 1) = 57.881123933668334, (193, 2) = 20000.0, (194, 1) = 58.18360341407034, (194, 2) = 20000.0, (195, 1) = 58.504226595979894, (195, 2) = 20000.0, (196, 1) = 58.79820665728643, (196, 2) = 20000.0, (197, 1) = 59.08840272663316, (197, 2) = 20000.0, (198, 1) = 59.398617548743715, (198, 2) = 20000.0, (199, 1) = 59.708157060301495, (199, 2) = 20000.0, (200, 1) = 60.0, (200, 2) = 20000.0}, datatype = float[8])), CURVES(Matrix(200, 2, {(1, 1) = .0, (1, 2) = 40000.0, (2, 1) = .3154563015075377, (2, 2) = 40000.0, (3, 1) = .5899331427135678, (3, 2) = 40000.0, (4, 1) = .8986110572864321, (4, 2) = 40000.0, (5, 1) = 1.2093350894472361, (5, 2) = 40000.0, (6, 1) = 1.5185823045226128, (6, 2) = 40000.0, (7, 1) = 1.8052940592964821, (7, 2) = 40000.0, (8, 1) = 2.102167474371859, (8, 2) = 40000.0, (9, 1) = 2.409194384924623, (9, 2) = 40000.0, (10, 1) = 2.7152366562814065, (10, 2) = 40000.0, (11, 1) = 3.0300387497487438, (11, 2) = 40000.0, (12, 1) = 3.3073166050251253, (12, 2) = 40000.0, (13, 1) = 3.6194657969849247, (13, 2) = 40000.0, (14, 1) = 3.9328967035175877, (14, 2) = 40000.0, (15, 1) = 4.234945459296482, (15, 2) = 40000.0, (16, 1) = 4.509234666331658, (16, 2) = 40000.0, (17, 1) = 4.835391063316583, (17, 2) = 40000.0, (18, 1) = 5.111688313567838, (18, 2) = 40000.0, (19, 1) = 5.433087699497487, (19, 2) = 40000.0, (20, 1) = 5.717580615075376, (20, 2) = 40000.0, (21, 1) = 6.029714433165829, (21, 2) = 40000.0, (22, 1) = 6.32693964120603, (22, 2) = 40000.0, (23, 1) = 6.63706296482412, (23, 2) = 40000.0, (24, 1) = 6.9218529859296485, (24, 2) = 40000.0, (25, 1) = 7.229037497487436, (25, 2) = 40000.0, (26, 1) = 7.548115872361809, (26, 2) = 40000.0, (27, 1) = 7.825874535678391, (27, 2) = 40000.0, (28, 1) = 8.125861501507536, (28, 2) = 40000.0, (29, 1) = 8.435777390954772, (29, 2) = 40000.0, (30, 1) = 8.738969626130652, (30, 2) = 40000.0, (31, 1) = 9.032323703517587, (31, 2) = 40000.0, (32, 1) = 9.358043390954773, (32, 2) = 40000.0, (33, 1) = 9.650717017085425, (33, 2) = 40000.0, (34, 1) = 9.963208582914572, (34, 2) = 40000.0, (35, 1) = 10.246372386934672, (35, 2) = 40000.0, (36, 1) = 10.555945218090452, (36, 2) = 40000.0, (37, 1) = 10.847229126633163, (37, 2) = 40000.0, (38, 1) = 11.151704740703517, (38, 2) = 40000.0, (39, 1) = 11.449385306532662, (39, 2) = 40000.0, (40, 1) = 11.761029271356783, (40, 2) = 40000.0, (41, 1) = 12.06117944924623, (41, 2) = 40000.0, (42, 1) = 12.368126357788944, (42, 2) = 40000.0, (43, 1) = 12.672531590954774, (43, 2) = 40000.0, (44, 1) = 12.952248385929648, (44, 2) = 40000.0, (45, 1) = 13.272835398994975, (45, 2) = 40000.0, (46, 1) = 13.55957224522613, (46, 2) = 40000.0, (47, 1) = 13.865293528643216, (47, 2) = 40000.0, (48, 1) = 14.157907806030149, (48, 2) = 40000.0, (49, 1) = 14.482818355778894, (49, 2) = 40000.0, (50, 1) = 14.76416701809045, (50, 2) = 40000.0, (51, 1) = 15.083500266331658, (51, 2) = 40000.0, (52, 1) = 15.374537855276381, (52, 2) = 40000.0, (53, 1) = 15.69288723919598, (53, 2) = 40000.0, (54, 1) = 15.967568918592962, (54, 2) = 40000.0, (55, 1) = 16.28039928844221, (55, 2) = 40000.0, (56, 1) = 16.582577981909548, (56, 2) = 40000.0, (57, 1) = 16.88455926934673, (57, 2) = 40000.0, (58, 1) = 17.18542962211055, (58, 2) = 40000.0, (59, 1) = 17.474471840201005, (59, 2) = 40000.0, (60, 1) = 17.786934132663315, (60, 2) = 40000.0, (61, 1) = 18.084733353768844, (61, 2) = 40000.0, (62, 1) = 18.398153011055275, (62, 2) = 40000.0, (63, 1) = 18.681873274371856, (63, 2) = 40000.0, (64, 1) = 18.995437278391957, (64, 2) = 40000.0, (65, 1) = 19.295776953768843, (65, 2) = 40000.0, (66, 1) = 19.595385593969848, (66, 2) = 40000.0, (67, 1) = 19.908327979899497, (67, 2) = 40000.0, (68, 1) = 20.19655934170854, (68, 2) = 40000.0, (69, 1) = 20.491747682412058, (69, 2) = 40000.0, (70, 1) = 20.817670685427135, (70, 2) = 40000.0, (71, 1) = 21.112767268341706, (71, 2) = 40000.0, (72, 1) = 21.414558798994975, (72, 2) = 40000.0, (73, 1) = 21.7214730120603, (73, 2) = 40000.0, (74, 1) = 22.003586897487438, (74, 2) = 40000.0, (75, 1) = 22.304311163819094, (75, 2) = 40000.0, (76, 1) = 22.602746297487435, (76, 2) = 40000.0, (77, 1) = 22.92197912562814, (77, 2) = 40000.0, (78, 1) = 23.20368826733668, (78, 2) = 40000.0, (79, 1) = 23.528722136683413, (79, 2) = 40000.0, (80, 1) = 23.822040144723616, (80, 2) = 40000.0, (81, 1) = 24.112262981909545, (81, 2) = 40000.0, (82, 1) = 24.42434576683417, (82, 2) = 40000.0, (83, 1) = 24.73769099095477, (83, 2) = 40000.0, (84, 1) = 25.022788748743714, (84, 2) = 40000.0, (85, 1) = 25.325549903517587, (85, 2) = 40000.0, (86, 1) = 25.6210152, (86, 2) = 40000.0, (87, 1) = 25.94130269849246, (87, 2) = 40000.0, (88, 1) = 26.21844043417085, (88, 2) = 40000.0, (89, 1) = 26.536743198994973, (89, 2) = 40000.0, (90, 1) = 26.835964531658288, (90, 2) = 40000.0, (91, 1) = 27.13229571256281, (91, 2) = 40000.0, (92, 1) = 27.428862627135675, (92, 2) = 40000.0, (93, 1) = 27.73134210753769, (93, 2) = 40000.0, (94, 1) = 28.05196528944723, (94, 2) = 40000.0, (95, 1) = 28.345945350753766, (95, 2) = 40000.0, (96, 1) = 28.636141420100497, (96, 2) = 40000.0, (97, 1) = 28.946356242211053, (97, 2) = 40000.0, (98, 1) = 29.255895753768844, (98, 2) = 40000.0, (99, 1) = 29.53372584723618, (99, 2) = 40000.0, (100, 1) = 29.862835628140704, (100, 2) = 40000.0, (101, 1) = 30.138219431155775, (101, 2) = 40000.0, (102, 1) = 30.46031172060301, (102, 2) = 40000.0, (103, 1) = 30.767717608040197, (103, 2) = 40000.0, (104, 1) = 31.042194449246228, (104, 2) = 40000.0, (105, 1) = 31.350872363819093, (105, 2) = 40000.0, (106, 1) = 31.661596395979895, (106, 2) = 40000.0, (107, 1) = 31.970843611055276, (107, 2) = 40000.0, (108, 1) = 32.25755536582914, (108, 2) = 40000.0, (109, 1) = 32.55442878090452, (109, 2) = 40000.0, (110, 1) = 32.86145569145728, (110, 2) = 40000.0, (111, 1) = 33.16749796281407, (111, 2) = 40000.0, (112, 1) = 33.4823000562814, (112, 2) = 40000.0, (113, 1) = 33.759577911557784, (113, 2) = 40000.0, (114, 1) = 34.07172710351758, (114, 2) = 40000.0, (115, 1) = 34.38515801005025, (115, 2) = 40000.0, (116, 1) = 34.687206765829146, (116, 2) = 40000.0, (117, 1) = 34.96149597286432, (117, 2) = 40000.0, (118, 1) = 35.28765236984924, (118, 2) = 40000.0, (119, 1) = 35.563949620100495, (119, 2) = 40000.0, (120, 1) = 35.88534900603015, (120, 2) = 40000.0, (121, 1) = 36.16984192160804, (121, 2) = 40000.0, (122, 1) = 36.48197573969849, (122, 2) = 40000.0, (123, 1) = 36.77920094773869, (123, 2) = 40000.0, (124, 1) = 37.08932427135678, (124, 2) = 40000.0, (125, 1) = 37.37411429246231, (125, 2) = 40000.0, (126, 1) = 37.6812988040201, (126, 2) = 40000.0, (127, 1) = 38.00037717889447, (127, 2) = 40000.0, (128, 1) = 38.27813584221106, (128, 2) = 40000.0, (129, 1) = 38.5781228080402, (129, 2) = 40000.0, (130, 1) = 38.88803869748743, (130, 2) = 40000.0, (131, 1) = 39.191230932663316, (131, 2) = 40000.0, (132, 1) = 39.484585010050246, (132, 2) = 40000.0, (133, 1) = 39.81030469748743, (133, 2) = 40000.0, (134, 1) = 40.10297832361809, (134, 2) = 40000.0, (135, 1) = 40.41546988944723, (135, 2) = 40000.0, (136, 1) = 40.69863369346733, (136, 2) = 40000.0, (137, 1) = 41.008206524623105, (137, 2) = 40000.0, (138, 1) = 41.29949043316583, (138, 2) = 40000.0, (139, 1) = 41.60396604723618, (139, 2) = 40000.0, (140, 1) = 41.90164661306532, (140, 2) = 40000.0, (141, 1) = 42.213290577889445, (141, 2) = 40000.0, (142, 1) = 42.51344075577889, (142, 2) = 40000.0, (143, 1) = 42.8203876643216, (143, 2) = 40000.0, (144, 1) = 43.12479289748743, (144, 2) = 40000.0, (145, 1) = 43.404509692462305, (145, 2) = 40000.0, (146, 1) = 43.72509670552763, (146, 2) = 40000.0, (147, 1) = 44.01183355175879, (147, 2) = 40000.0, (148, 1) = 44.31755483517587, (148, 2) = 40000.0, (149, 1) = 44.610169112562815, (149, 2) = 40000.0, (150, 1) = 44.93507966231155, (150, 2) = 40000.0, (151, 1) = 45.21642832462311, (151, 2) = 40000.0, (152, 1) = 45.53576157286432, (152, 2) = 40000.0, (153, 1) = 45.826799161809035, (153, 2) = 40000.0, (154, 1) = 46.14514854572864, (154, 2) = 40000.0, (155, 1) = 46.41983022512562, (155, 2) = 40000.0, (156, 1) = 46.73266059497487, (156, 2) = 40000.0, (157, 1) = 47.03483928844221, (157, 2) = 40000.0, (158, 1) = 47.33682057587939, (158, 2) = 40000.0, (159, 1) = 47.63769092864321, (159, 2) = 40000.0, (160, 1) = 47.92673314673367, (160, 2) = 40000.0, (161, 1) = 48.23919543919598, (161, 2) = 40000.0, (162, 1) = 48.5369946603015, (162, 2) = 40000.0, (163, 1) = 48.85041431758794, (163, 2) = 40000.0, (164, 1) = 49.134134580904515, (164, 2) = 40000.0, (165, 1) = 49.447698584924616, (165, 2) = 40000.0, (166, 1) = 49.748038260301506, (166, 2) = 40000.0, (167, 1) = 50.047646900502514, (167, 2) = 40000.0, (168, 1) = 50.36058928643215, (168, 2) = 40000.0, (169, 1) = 50.6488206482412, (169, 2) = 40000.0, (170, 1) = 50.94400898894472, (170, 2) = 40000.0, (171, 1) = 51.26993199195979, (171, 2) = 40000.0, (172, 1) = 51.56502857487437, (172, 2) = 40000.0, (173, 1) = 51.86682010552764, (173, 2) = 40000.0, (174, 1) = 52.17373431859296, (174, 2) = 40000.0, (175, 1) = 52.4558482040201, (175, 2) = 40000.0, (176, 1) = 52.756572470351756, (176, 2) = 40000.0, (177, 1) = 53.0550076040201, (177, 2) = 40000.0, (178, 1) = 53.374240432160796, (178, 2) = 40000.0, (179, 1) = 53.65594957386934, (179, 2) = 40000.0, (180, 1) = 53.980983443216076, (180, 2) = 40000.0, (181, 1) = 54.27430145125628, (181, 2) = 40000.0, (182, 1) = 54.56452428844221, (182, 2) = 40000.0, (183, 1) = 54.876607073366834, (183, 2) = 40000.0, (184, 1) = 55.18995229748743, (184, 2) = 40000.0, (185, 1) = 55.47505005527638, (185, 2) = 40000.0, (186, 1) = 55.777811210050245, (186, 2) = 40000.0, (187, 1) = 56.07327650653266, (187, 2) = 40000.0, (188, 1) = 56.39356400502512, (188, 2) = 40000.0, (189, 1) = 56.67070174070351, (189, 2) = 40000.0, (190, 1) = 56.98900450552763, (190, 2) = 40000.0, (191, 1) = 57.288225838190954, (191, 2) = 40000.0, (192, 1) = 57.58455701909548, (192, 2) = 40000.0, (193, 1) = 57.881123933668334, (193, 2) = 40000.0, (194, 1) = 58.18360341407034, (194, 2) = 40000.0, (195, 1) = 58.504226595979894, (195, 2) = 40000.0, (196, 1) = 58.79820665728643, (196, 2) = 40000.0, (197, 1) = 59.08840272663316, (197, 2) = 40000.0, (198, 1) = 59.398617548743715, (198, 2) = 40000.0, (199, 1) = 59.708157060301495, (199, 2) = 40000.0, (200, 1) = 60.0, (200, 2) = 40000.0}, datatype = float[8])), CURVES(Matrix(200, 2, {(1, 1) = .0, (1, 2) = 60000.0, (2, 1) = .3154563015075377, (2, 2) = 60000.0, (3, 1) = .5899331427135678, (3, 2) = 60000.0, (4, 1) = .8986110572864321, (4, 2) = 60000.0, (5, 1) = 1.2093350894472361, (5, 2) = 60000.0, (6, 1) = 1.5185823045226128, (6, 2) = 60000.0, (7, 1) = 1.8052940592964821, (7, 2) = 60000.0, (8, 1) = 2.102167474371859, (8, 2) = 60000.0, (9, 1) = 2.409194384924623, (9, 2) = 60000.0, (10, 1) = 2.7152366562814065, (10, 2) = 60000.0, (11, 1) = 3.0300387497487438, (11, 2) = 60000.0, (12, 1) = 3.3073166050251253, (12, 2) = 60000.0, (13, 1) = 3.6194657969849247, (13, 2) = 60000.0, (14, 1) = 3.9328967035175877, (14, 2) = 60000.0, (15, 1) = 4.234945459296482, (15, 2) = 60000.0, (16, 1) = 4.509234666331658, (16, 2) = 60000.0, (17, 1) = 4.835391063316583, (17, 2) = 60000.0, (18, 1) = 5.111688313567838, (18, 2) = 60000.0, (19, 1) = 5.433087699497487, (19, 2) = 60000.0, (20, 1) = 5.717580615075376, (20, 2) = 60000.0, (21, 1) = 6.029714433165829, (21, 2) = 60000.0, (22, 1) = 6.32693964120603, (22, 2) = 60000.0, (23, 1) = 6.63706296482412, (23, 2) = 60000.0, (24, 1) = 6.9218529859296485, (24, 2) = 60000.0, (25, 1) = 7.229037497487436, (25, 2) = 60000.0, (26, 1) = 7.548115872361809, (26, 2) = 60000.0, (27, 1) = 7.825874535678391, (27, 2) = 60000.0, (28, 1) = 8.125861501507536, (28, 2) = 60000.0, (29, 1) = 8.435777390954772, (29, 2) = 60000.0, (30, 1) = 8.738969626130652, (30, 2) = 60000.0, (31, 1) = 9.032323703517587, (31, 2) = 60000.0, (32, 1) = 9.358043390954773, (32, 2) = 60000.0, (33, 1) = 9.650717017085425, (33, 2) = 60000.0, (34, 1) = 9.963208582914572, (34, 2) = 60000.0, (35, 1) = 10.246372386934672, (35, 2) = 60000.0, (36, 1) = 10.555945218090452, (36, 2) = 60000.0, (37, 1) = 10.847229126633163, (37, 2) = 60000.0, (38, 1) = 11.151704740703517, (38, 2) = 60000.0, (39, 1) = 11.449385306532662, (39, 2) = 60000.0, (40, 1) = 11.761029271356783, (40, 2) = 60000.0, (41, 1) = 12.06117944924623, (41, 2) = 60000.0, (42, 1) = 12.368126357788944, (42, 2) = 60000.0, (43, 1) = 12.672531590954774, (43, 2) = 60000.0, (44, 1) = 12.952248385929648, (44, 2) = 60000.0, (45, 1) = 13.272835398994975, (45, 2) = 60000.0, (46, 1) = 13.55957224522613, (46, 2) = 60000.0, (47, 1) = 13.865293528643216, (47, 2) = 60000.0, (48, 1) = 14.157907806030149, (48, 2) = 60000.0, (49, 1) = 14.482818355778894, (49, 2) = 60000.0, (50, 1) = 14.76416701809045, (50, 2) = 60000.0, (51, 1) = 15.083500266331658, (51, 2) = 60000.0, (52, 1) = 15.374537855276381, (52, 2) = 60000.0, (53, 1) = 15.69288723919598, (53, 2) = 60000.0, (54, 1) = 15.967568918592962, (54, 2) = 60000.0, (55, 1) = 16.28039928844221, (55, 2) = 60000.0, (56, 1) = 16.582577981909548, (56, 2) = 60000.0, (57, 1) = 16.88455926934673, (57, 2) = 60000.0, (58, 1) = 17.18542962211055, (58, 2) = 60000.0, (59, 1) = 17.474471840201005, (59, 2) = 60000.0, (60, 1) = 17.786934132663315, (60, 2) = 60000.0, (61, 1) = 18.084733353768844, (61, 2) = 60000.0, (62, 1) = 18.398153011055275, (62, 2) = 60000.0, (63, 1) = 18.681873274371856, (63, 2) = 60000.0, (64, 1) = 18.995437278391957, (64, 2) = 60000.0, (65, 1) = 19.295776953768843, (65, 2) = 60000.0, (66, 1) = 19.595385593969848, (66, 2) = 60000.0, (67, 1) = 19.908327979899497, (67, 2) = 60000.0, (68, 1) = 20.19655934170854, (68, 2) = 60000.0, (69, 1) = 20.491747682412058, (69, 2) = 60000.0, (70, 1) = 20.817670685427135, (70, 2) = 60000.0, (71, 1) = 21.112767268341706, (71, 2) = 60000.0, (72, 1) = 21.414558798994975, (72, 2) = 60000.0, (73, 1) = 21.7214730120603, (73, 2) = 60000.0, (74, 1) = 22.003586897487438, (74, 2) = 60000.0, (75, 1) = 22.304311163819094, (75, 2) = 60000.0, (76, 1) = 22.602746297487435, (76, 2) = 60000.0, (77, 1) = 22.92197912562814, (77, 2) = 60000.0, (78, 1) = 23.20368826733668, (78, 2) = 60000.0, (79, 1) = 23.528722136683413, (79, 2) = 60000.0, (80, 1) = 23.822040144723616, (80, 2) = 60000.0, (81, 1) = 24.112262981909545, (81, 2) = 60000.0, (82, 1) = 24.42434576683417, (82, 2) = 60000.0, (83, 1) = 24.73769099095477, (83, 2) = 60000.0, (84, 1) = 25.022788748743714, (84, 2) = 60000.0, (85, 1) = 25.325549903517587, (85, 2) = 60000.0, (86, 1) = 25.6210152, (86, 2) = 60000.0, (87, 1) = 25.94130269849246, (87, 2) = 60000.0, (88, 1) = 26.21844043417085, (88, 2) = 60000.0, (89, 1) = 26.536743198994973, (89, 2) = 60000.0, (90, 1) = 26.835964531658288, (90, 2) = 60000.0, (91, 1) = 27.13229571256281, (91, 2) = 60000.0, (92, 1) = 27.428862627135675, (92, 2) = 60000.0, (93, 1) = 27.73134210753769, (93, 2) = 60000.0, (94, 1) = 28.05196528944723, (94, 2) = 60000.0, (95, 1) = 28.345945350753766, (95, 2) = 60000.0, (96, 1) = 28.636141420100497, (96, 2) = 60000.0, (97, 1) = 28.946356242211053, (97, 2) = 60000.0, (98, 1) = 29.255895753768844, (98, 2) = 60000.0, (99, 1) = 29.53372584723618, (99, 2) = 60000.0, (100, 1) = 29.862835628140704, (100, 2) = 60000.0, (101, 1) = 30.138219431155775, (101, 2) = 60000.0, (102, 1) = 30.46031172060301, (102, 2) = 60000.0, (103, 1) = 30.767717608040197, (103, 2) = 60000.0, (104, 1) = 31.042194449246228, (104, 2) = 60000.0, (105, 1) = 31.350872363819093, (105, 2) = 60000.0, (106, 1) = 31.661596395979895, (106, 2) = 60000.0, (107, 1) = 31.970843611055276, (107, 2) = 60000.0, (108, 1) = 32.25755536582914, (108, 2) = 60000.0, (109, 1) = 32.55442878090452, (109, 2) = 60000.0, (110, 1) = 32.86145569145728, (110, 2) = 60000.0, (111, 1) = 33.16749796281407, (111, 2) = 60000.0, (112, 1) = 33.4823000562814, (112, 2) = 60000.0, (113, 1) = 33.759577911557784, (113, 2) = 60000.0, (114, 1) = 34.07172710351758, (114, 2) = 60000.0, (115, 1) = 34.38515801005025, (115, 2) = 60000.0, (116, 1) = 34.687206765829146, (116, 2) = 60000.0, (117, 1) = 34.96149597286432, (117, 2) = 60000.0, (118, 1) = 35.28765236984924, (118, 2) = 60000.0, (119, 1) = 35.563949620100495, (119, 2) = 60000.0, (120, 1) = 35.88534900603015, (120, 2) = 60000.0, (121, 1) = 36.16984192160804, (121, 2) = 60000.0, (122, 1) = 36.48197573969849, (122, 2) = 60000.0, (123, 1) = 36.77920094773869, (123, 2) = 60000.0, (124, 1) = 37.08932427135678, (124, 2) = 60000.0, (125, 1) = 37.37411429246231, (125, 2) = 60000.0, (126, 1) = 37.6812988040201, (126, 2) = 60000.0, (127, 1) = 38.00037717889447, (127, 2) = 60000.0, (128, 1) = 38.27813584221106, (128, 2) = 60000.0, (129, 1) = 38.5781228080402, (129, 2) = 60000.0, (130, 1) = 38.88803869748743, (130, 2) = 60000.0, (131, 1) = 39.191230932663316, (131, 2) = 60000.0, (132, 1) = 39.484585010050246, (132, 2) = 60000.0, (133, 1) = 39.81030469748743, (133, 2) = 60000.0, (134, 1) = 40.10297832361809, (134, 2) = 60000.0, (135, 1) = 40.41546988944723, (135, 2) = 60000.0, (136, 1) = 40.69863369346733, (136, 2) = 60000.0, (137, 1) = 41.008206524623105, (137, 2) = 60000.0, (138, 1) = 41.29949043316583, (138, 2) = 60000.0, (139, 1) = 41.60396604723618, (139, 2) = 60000.0, (140, 1) = 41.90164661306532, (140, 2) = 60000.0, (141, 1) = 42.213290577889445, (141, 2) = 60000.0, (142, 1) = 42.51344075577889, (142, 2) = 60000.0, (143, 1) = 42.8203876643216, (143, 2) = 60000.0, (144, 1) = 43.12479289748743, (144, 2) = 60000.0, (145, 1) = 43.404509692462305, (145, 2) = 60000.0, (146, 1) = 43.72509670552763, (146, 2) = 60000.0, (147, 1) = 44.01183355175879, (147, 2) = 60000.0, (148, 1) = 44.31755483517587, (148, 2) = 60000.0, (149, 1) = 44.610169112562815, (149, 2) = 60000.0, (150, 1) = 44.93507966231155, (150, 2) = 60000.0, (151, 1) = 45.21642832462311, (151, 2) = 60000.0, (152, 1) = 45.53576157286432, (152, 2) = 60000.0, (153, 1) = 45.826799161809035, (153, 2) = 60000.0, (154, 1) = 46.14514854572864, (154, 2) = 60000.0, (155, 1) = 46.41983022512562, (155, 2) = 60000.0, (156, 1) = 46.73266059497487, (156, 2) = 60000.0, (157, 1) = 47.03483928844221, (157, 2) = 60000.0, (158, 1) = 47.33682057587939, (158, 2) = 60000.0, (159, 1) = 47.63769092864321, (159, 2) = 60000.0, (160, 1) = 47.92673314673367, (160, 2) = 60000.0, (161, 1) = 48.23919543919598, (161, 2) = 60000.0, (162, 1) = 48.5369946603015, (162, 2) = 60000.0, (163, 1) = 48.85041431758794, (163, 2) = 60000.0, (164, 1) = 49.134134580904515, (164, 2) = 60000.0, (165, 1) = 49.447698584924616, (165, 2) = 60000.0, (166, 1) = 49.748038260301506, (166, 2) = 60000.0, (167, 1) = 50.047646900502514, (167, 2) = 60000.0, (168, 1) = 50.36058928643215, (168, 2) = 60000.0, (169, 1) = 50.6488206482412, (169, 2) = 60000.0, (170, 1) = 50.94400898894472, (170, 2) = 60000.0, (171, 1) = 51.26993199195979, (171, 2) = 60000.0, (172, 1) = 51.56502857487437, (172, 2) = 60000.0, (173, 1) = 51.86682010552764, (173, 2) = 60000.0, (174, 1) = 52.17373431859296, (174, 2) = 60000.0, (175, 1) = 52.4558482040201, (175, 2) = 60000.0, (176, 1) = 52.756572470351756, (176, 2) = 60000.0, (177, 1) = 53.0550076040201, (177, 2) = 60000.0, (178, 1) = 53.374240432160796, (178, 2) = 60000.0, (179, 1) = 53.65594957386934, (179, 2) = 60000.0, (180, 1) = 53.980983443216076, (180, 2) = 60000.0, (181, 1) = 54.27430145125628, (181, 2) = 60000.0, (182, 1) = 54.56452428844221, (182, 2) = 60000.0, (183, 1) = 54.876607073366834, (183, 2) = 60000.0, (184, 1) = 55.18995229748743, (184, 2) = 60000.0, (185, 1) = 55.47505005527638, (185, 2) = 60000.0, (186, 1) = 55.777811210050245, (186, 2) = 60000.0, (187, 1) = 56.07327650653266, (187, 2) = 60000.0, (188, 1) = 56.39356400502512, (188, 2) = 60000.0, (189, 1) = 56.67070174070351, (189, 2) = 60000.0, (190, 1) = 56.98900450552763, (190, 2) = 60000.0, (191, 1) = 57.288225838190954, (191, 2) = 60000.0, (192, 1) = 57.58455701909548, (192, 2) = 60000.0, (193, 1) = 57.881123933668334, (193, 2) = 60000.0, (194, 1) = 58.18360341407034, (194, 2) = 60000.0, (195, 1) = 58.504226595979894, (195, 2) = 60000.0, (196, 1) = 58.79820665728643, (196, 2) = 60000.0, (197, 1) = 59.08840272663316, (197, 2) = 60000.0, (198, 1) = 59.398617548743715, (198, 2) = 60000.0, (199, 1) = 59.708157060301495, (199, 2) = 60000.0, (200, 1) = 60.0, (200, 2) = 60000.0}, datatype = float[8])), CURVES(Matrix(200, 2, {(1, 1) = .0, (1, 2) = 80000.0, (2, 1) = .3154563015075377, (2, 2) = 80000.0, (3, 1) = .5899331427135678, (3, 2) = 80000.0, (4, 1) = .8986110572864321, (4, 2) = 80000.0, (5, 1) = 1.2093350894472361, (5, 2) = 80000.0, (6, 1) = 1.5185823045226128, (6, 2) = 80000.0, (7, 1) = 1.8052940592964821, (7, 2) = 80000.0, (8, 1) = 2.102167474371859, (8, 2) = 80000.0, (9, 1) = 2.409194384924623, (9, 2) = 80000.0, (10, 1) = 2.7152366562814065, (10, 2) = 80000.0, (11, 1) = 3.0300387497487438, (11, 2) = 80000.0, (12, 1) = 3.3073166050251253, (12, 2) = 80000.0, (13, 1) = 3.6194657969849247, (13, 2) = 80000.0, (14, 1) = 3.9328967035175877, (14, 2) = 80000.0, (15, 1) = 4.234945459296482, (15, 2) = 80000.0, (16, 1) = 4.509234666331658, (16, 2) = 80000.0, (17, 1) = 4.835391063316583, (17, 2) = 80000.0, (18, 1) = 5.111688313567838, (18, 2) = 80000.0, (19, 1) = 5.433087699497487, (19, 2) = 80000.0, (20, 1) = 5.717580615075376, (20, 2) = 80000.0, (21, 1) = 6.029714433165829, (21, 2) = 80000.0, (22, 1) = 6.32693964120603, (22, 2) = 80000.0, (23, 1) = 6.63706296482412, (23, 2) = 80000.0, (24, 1) = 6.9218529859296485, (24, 2) = 80000.0, (25, 1) = 7.229037497487436, (25, 2) = 80000.0, (26, 1) = 7.548115872361809, (26, 2) = 80000.0, (27, 1) = 7.825874535678391, (27, 2) = 80000.0, (28, 1) = 8.125861501507536, (28, 2) = 80000.0, (29, 1) = 8.435777390954772, (29, 2) = 80000.0, (30, 1) = 8.738969626130652, (30, 2) = 80000.0, (31, 1) = 9.032323703517587, (31, 2) = 80000.0, (32, 1) = 9.358043390954773, (32, 2) = 80000.0, (33, 1) = 9.650717017085425, (33, 2) = 80000.0, (34, 1) = 9.963208582914572, (34, 2) = 80000.0, (35, 1) = 10.246372386934672, (35, 2) = 80000.0, (36, 1) = 10.555945218090452, (36, 2) = 80000.0, (37, 1) = 10.847229126633163, (37, 2) = 80000.0, (38, 1) = 11.151704740703517, (38, 2) = 80000.0, (39, 1) = 11.449385306532662, (39, 2) = 80000.0, (40, 1) = 11.761029271356783, (40, 2) = 80000.0, (41, 1) = 12.06117944924623, (41, 2) = 80000.0, (42, 1) = 12.368126357788944, (42, 2) = 80000.0, (43, 1) = 12.672531590954774, (43, 2) = 80000.0, (44, 1) = 12.952248385929648, (44, 2) = 80000.0, (45, 1) = 13.272835398994975, (45, 2) = 80000.0, (46, 1) = 13.55957224522613, (46, 2) = 80000.0, (47, 1) = 13.865293528643216, (47, 2) = 80000.0, (48, 1) = 14.157907806030149, (48, 2) = 80000.0, (49, 1) = 14.482818355778894, (49, 2) = 80000.0, (50, 1) = 14.76416701809045, (50, 2) = 80000.0, (51, 1) = 15.083500266331658, (51, 2) = 80000.0, (52, 1) = 15.374537855276381, (52, 2) = 80000.0, (53, 1) = 15.69288723919598, (53, 2) = 80000.0, (54, 1) = 15.967568918592962, (54, 2) = 80000.0, (55, 1) = 16.28039928844221, (55, 2) = 80000.0, (56, 1) = 16.582577981909548, (56, 2) = 80000.0, (57, 1) = 16.88455926934673, (57, 2) = 80000.0, (58, 1) = 17.18542962211055, (58, 2) = 80000.0, (59, 1) = 17.474471840201005, (59, 2) = 80000.0, (60, 1) = 17.786934132663315, (60, 2) = 80000.0, (61, 1) = 18.084733353768844, (61, 2) = 80000.0, (62, 1) = 18.398153011055275, (62, 2) = 80000.0, (63, 1) = 18.681873274371856, (63, 2) = 80000.0, (64, 1) = 18.995437278391957, (64, 2) = 80000.0, (65, 1) = 19.295776953768843, (65, 2) = 80000.0, (66, 1) = 19.595385593969848, (66, 2) = 80000.0, (67, 1) = 19.908327979899497, (67, 2) = 80000.0, (68, 1) = 20.19655934170854, (68, 2) = 80000.0, (69, 1) = 20.491747682412058, (69, 2) = 80000.0, (70, 1) = 20.817670685427135, (70, 2) = 80000.0, (71, 1) = 21.112767268341706, (71, 2) = 80000.0, (72, 1) = 21.414558798994975, (72, 2) = 80000.0, (73, 1) = 21.7214730120603, (73, 2) = 80000.0, (74, 1) = 22.003586897487438, (74, 2) = 80000.0, (75, 1) = 22.304311163819094, (75, 2) = 80000.0, (76, 1) = 22.602746297487435, (76, 2) = 80000.0, (77, 1) = 22.92197912562814, (77, 2) = 80000.0, (78, 1) = 23.20368826733668, (78, 2) = 80000.0, (79, 1) = 23.528722136683413, (79, 2) = 80000.0, (80, 1) = 23.822040144723616, (80, 2) = 80000.0, (81, 1) = 24.112262981909545, (81, 2) = 80000.0, (82, 1) = 24.42434576683417, (82, 2) = 80000.0, (83, 1) = 24.73769099095477, (83, 2) = 80000.0, (84, 1) = 25.022788748743714, (84, 2) = 80000.0, (85, 1) = 25.325549903517587, (85, 2) = 80000.0, (86, 1) = 25.6210152, (86, 2) = 80000.0, (87, 1) = 25.94130269849246, (87, 2) = 80000.0, (88, 1) = 26.21844043417085, (88, 2) = 80000.0, (89, 1) = 26.536743198994973, (89, 2) = 80000.0, (90, 1) = 26.835964531658288, (90, 2) = 80000.0, (91, 1) = 27.13229571256281, (91, 2) = 80000.0, (92, 1) = 27.428862627135675, (92, 2) = 80000.0, (93, 1) = 27.73134210753769, (93, 2) = 80000.0, (94, 1) = 28.05196528944723, (94, 2) = 80000.0, (95, 1) = 28.345945350753766, (95, 2) = 80000.0, (96, 1) = 28.636141420100497, (96, 2) = 80000.0, (97, 1) = 28.946356242211053, (97, 2) = 80000.0, (98, 1) = 29.255895753768844, (98, 2) = 80000.0, (99, 1) = 29.53372584723618, (99, 2) = 80000.0, (100, 1) = 29.862835628140704, (100, 2) = 80000.0, (101, 1) = 30.138219431155775, (101, 2) = 80000.0, (102, 1) = 30.46031172060301, (102, 2) = 80000.0, (103, 1) = 30.767717608040197, (103, 2) = 80000.0, (104, 1) = 31.042194449246228, (104, 2) = 80000.0, (105, 1) = 31.350872363819093, (105, 2) = 80000.0, (106, 1) = 31.661596395979895, (106, 2) = 80000.0, (107, 1) = 31.970843611055276, (107, 2) = 80000.0, (108, 1) = 32.25755536582914, (108, 2) = 80000.0, (109, 1) = 32.55442878090452, (109, 2) = 80000.0, (110, 1) = 32.86145569145728, (110, 2) = 80000.0, (111, 1) = 33.16749796281407, (111, 2) = 80000.0, (112, 1) = 33.4823000562814, (112, 2) = 80000.0, (113, 1) = 33.759577911557784, (113, 2) = 80000.0, (114, 1) = 34.07172710351758, (114, 2) = 80000.0, (115, 1) = 34.38515801005025, (115, 2) = 80000.0, (116, 1) = 34.687206765829146, (116, 2) = 80000.0, (117, 1) = 34.96149597286432, (117, 2) = 80000.0, (118, 1) = 35.28765236984924, (118, 2) = 80000.0, (119, 1) = 35.563949620100495, (119, 2) = 80000.0, (120, 1) = 35.88534900603015, (120, 2) = 80000.0, (121, 1) = 36.16984192160804, (121, 2) = 80000.0, (122, 1) = 36.48197573969849, (122, 2) = 80000.0, (123, 1) = 36.77920094773869, (123, 2) = 80000.0, (124, 1) = 37.08932427135678, (124, 2) = 80000.0, (125, 1) = 37.37411429246231, (125, 2) = 80000.0, (126, 1) = 37.6812988040201, (126, 2) = 80000.0, (127, 1) = 38.00037717889447, (127, 2) = 80000.0, (128, 1) = 38.27813584221106, (128, 2) = 80000.0, (129, 1) = 38.5781228080402, (129, 2) = 80000.0, (130, 1) = 38.88803869748743, (130, 2) = 80000.0, (131, 1) = 39.191230932663316, (131, 2) = 80000.0, (132, 1) = 39.484585010050246, (132, 2) = 80000.0, (133, 1) = 39.81030469748743, (133, 2) = 80000.0, (134, 1) = 40.10297832361809, (134, 2) = 80000.0, (135, 1) = 40.41546988944723, (135, 2) = 80000.0, (136, 1) = 40.69863369346733, (136, 2) = 80000.0, (137, 1) = 41.008206524623105, (137, 2) = 80000.0, (138, 1) = 41.29949043316583, (138, 2) = 80000.0, (139, 1) = 41.60396604723618, (139, 2) = 80000.0, (140, 1) = 41.90164661306532, (140, 2) = 80000.0, (141, 1) = 42.213290577889445, (141, 2) = 80000.0, (142, 1) = 42.51344075577889, (142, 2) = 80000.0, (143, 1) = 42.8203876643216, (143, 2) = 80000.0, (144, 1) = 43.12479289748743, (144, 2) = 80000.0, (145, 1) = 43.404509692462305, (145, 2) = 80000.0, (146, 1) = 43.72509670552763, (146, 2) = 80000.0, (147, 1) = 44.01183355175879, (147, 2) = 80000.0, (148, 1) = 44.31755483517587, (148, 2) = 80000.0, (149, 1) = 44.610169112562815, (149, 2) = 80000.0, (150, 1) = 44.93507966231155, (150, 2) = 80000.0, (151, 1) = 45.21642832462311, (151, 2) = 80000.0, (152, 1) = 45.53576157286432, (152, 2) = 80000.0, (153, 1) = 45.826799161809035, (153, 2) = 80000.0, (154, 1) = 46.14514854572864, (154, 2) = 80000.0, (155, 1) = 46.41983022512562, (155, 2) = 80000.0, (156, 1) = 46.73266059497487, (156, 2) = 80000.0, (157, 1) = 47.03483928844221, (157, 2) = 80000.0, (158, 1) = 47.33682057587939, (158, 2) = 80000.0, (159, 1) = 47.63769092864321, (159, 2) = 80000.0, (160, 1) = 47.92673314673367, (160, 2) = 80000.0, (161, 1) = 48.23919543919598, (161, 2) = 80000.0, (162, 1) = 48.5369946603015, (162, 2) = 80000.0, (163, 1) = 48.85041431758794, (163, 2) = 80000.0, (164, 1) = 49.134134580904515, (164, 2) = 80000.0, (165, 1) = 49.447698584924616, (165, 2) = 80000.0, (166, 1) = 49.748038260301506, (166, 2) = 80000.0, (167, 1) = 50.047646900502514, (167, 2) = 80000.0, (168, 1) = 50.36058928643215, (168, 2) = 80000.0, (169, 1) = 50.6488206482412, (169, 2) = 80000.0, (170, 1) = 50.94400898894472, (170, 2) = 80000.0, (171, 1) = 51.26993199195979, (171, 2) = 80000.0, (172, 1) = 51.56502857487437, (172, 2) = 80000.0, (173, 1) = 51.86682010552764, (173, 2) = 80000.0, (174, 1) = 52.17373431859296, (174, 2) = 80000.0, (175, 1) = 52.4558482040201, (175, 2) = 80000.0, (176, 1) = 52.756572470351756, (176, 2) = 80000.0, (177, 1) = 53.0550076040201, (177, 2) = 80000.0, (178, 1) = 53.374240432160796, (178, 2) = 80000.0, (179, 1) = 53.65594957386934, (179, 2) = 80000.0, (180, 1) = 53.980983443216076, (180, 2) = 80000.0, (181, 1) = 54.27430145125628, (181, 2) = 80000.0, (182, 1) = 54.56452428844221, (182, 2) = 80000.0, (183, 1) = 54.876607073366834, (183, 2) = 80000.0, (184, 1) = 55.18995229748743, (184, 2) = 80000.0, (185, 1) = 55.47505005527638, (185, 2) = 80000.0, (186, 1) = 55.777811210050245, (186, 2) = 80000.0, (187, 1) = 56.07327650653266, (187, 2) = 80000.0, (188, 1) = 56.39356400502512, (188, 2) = 80000.0, (189, 1) = 56.67070174070351, (189, 2) = 80000.0, (190, 1) = 56.98900450552763, (190, 2) = 80000.0, (191, 1) = 57.288225838190954, (191, 2) = 80000.0, (192, 1) = 57.58455701909548, (192, 2) = 80000.0, (193, 1) = 57.881123933668334, (193, 2) = 80000.0, (194, 1) = 58.18360341407034, (194, 2) = 80000.0, (195, 1) = 58.504226595979894, (195, 2) = 80000.0, (196, 1) = 58.79820665728643, (196, 2) = 80000.0, (197, 1) = 59.08840272663316, (197, 2) = 80000.0, (198, 1) = 59.398617548743715, (198, 2) = 80000.0, (199, 1) = 59.708157060301495, (199, 2) = 80000.0, (200, 1) = 60.0, (200, 2) = 80000.0}, datatype = float[8])), COLOUR(RGB, .90196078, .90196078, .90196078), THICKNESS(0), AXESLABELS(x, ""), VIEW(0. .. 60., DEFAULT, _ATTRIBUTE("source" = "mathdefault")))

    (7)

    plots:-display(a3, b3, title = "Total Deaths \n (Linear scale)\n", titlefont = ["Helvetica", 18], size = [681, 400])

     

    My guess is it was Dr. Fauci's hope that it would only go to 60,000 but it was also his interpretation of the log graph.  It could start to round a peak at some point and it will eventually, however based on the way people behave in North America and there will apparently be no complete lockdown, in my humble opinion, that graph is going to keep on sailing well passed 100,000.

     

     

    NULL


     

    Download log_misinterpretation2.mw

    One of the forums asked a question: what is the maximum area of a triangle inscribed in a given ellipse x^2/16 + y^2/3 - 1 = 0? It turned out to be 9, but there are infinitely many such triangles. There was a desire to show them in one of the possible ways. This is a complete (as far as possible) set of such triangles.
    (This is not an example of Maple programming; it is just an implementation of a Maple-based algorithm and the work of the Optimization package).
    MAX_S_TRIAN_ANINATION.mw

    This app shows the modeling and simulation of DNA carried out entirely in Maple. The mathematical model is inserted through the combination of trigonometric functions. It shows the graphs of the curvature vs time for its interpretation. Made for engineering and health science students.

    MV_AC_R3_UNI_2020.mw

    Lenin Araujo Castillo

    Ambassador of Maple

     

     

    I have recently taken some questions about MaplePrimes reputation scores, and coincidentally, there was a discussion about it within MaplePrimes yesterday. I wanted to address these issues, and thought that doing so as a separate post made sense.

    Reputation was added back in 2010 as a mechanism to track how fellow users value your contributions, and I believe it has largely worked. It's become a great way to acknowledge the time and effort our members put into the community, and I know that many of you greatly value the scores that you have earned. I also know that it is never fun to see it drop, even by just a few points.

    To be clear, there are only two ways to lose reputation:

    • If someone upvoted your answer/reply and then later rescinded the upvote
    • If someone marked your answer as the "best" answer, and then later changed their vote to another answer

    This means you can only lose reputation points if someone undoes an action that gave you points in the first place. This is going to happen occasionally. For example, the user may have voted your answer “best”, but as the discussion continued, someone else posted a different solution that the user felt was even better. So you can expect to see small fluctuations from day to day, but the overall trend will be upward. 

    That said, members get understandably concerned when their reputation drops, and want to know why. We have always been able to track when reputation changed, but “why it changed” was obscured. Starting today, we have added enhanced logging for reputation shifts. This will allow us to better diagnose the causes when a member is concerned about a change to their reputation points. As well, in the very unlikely event that there is malicious behavior on MaplePrimes, this will give also us the data we need to take action to protect the community.  

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